Genetics and Molecular Biology: DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Quiz

Genome

The whole of the genetic information of an organism.

Genome size and complexity

The genome size does not always indicate the complexity of the organism.

Location of genome

In the DNA present in the nucleus and mitochondria of an animal.

Mitochondrial DNA

A feature of the human genome.

RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase

Both are used in transcription and replication.

RNA polymerase in transcription

Has a role similar to helicase in replication.

Transcription direction

Synthesis of RNA in a 5′ → 3′ direction.

Complementary base pairing

Explains how genetic information can be replicated accurately.

mRNA bases for peptide

54 bases would be present in the length of an mRNA molecule coding for the peptide shown.

mRNA sequence for amino acids

CGU UUA GUC would code for arginine-leucine-valine.

Anticodon for TAG

UAG is the anticodon on tRNA used in translation.

Universal characteristic of genetic code

There are more codons than amino acids.

Nucleotides for polypeptide

The minimum number of nucleotides needed to code for a polypeptide of 210 amino acids is 630.

Anticodon for lysine

UUC could be found on a tRNA molecule bonded to lysine.

tRNA types

There is at least one type of tRNA that combines with each known amino acid.

DNA triplet change

No change in the protein results from a DNA triplet in the transcribed strand changing from AGG to TCG.

mRNA sequence UGGAACGUA

Codes for the amino acid sequence Tryptophan - Asparagine - Valine.

Complementary mRNA sequence

The base sequence of the complementary mRNA for GAGTACCCT is CUCAUGGGA.

Outline how sex is determined in humans (2 marks).

Genetically determined AND sperm carry either an X OR A y chromosome.

If the genomes of the five new trees were sequenced, predict with a reason how similar they would be to each other (2 marks).

Identical AND any differences would be due to mutations.

The system of sex determination in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is the same as in other mammals. A chimpanzee has 48 chromosomes in the nuclei of its body cells.

Related to the number of autosomes in a diploid cell (48 is a diploid number)

Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA (3 marks).

DNA - ds; RNA - ss

DNA - deoxyribose; RNA - ribose

DNA - A,T,C,G; RNA - A,U,C,G