Catholic Christianity and Ethical Themes

According to Catholic Christianity, what does it mean that God is omnipotent?

According to Catholic Christianity, what does it mean that God is omnipotent?

God is all-powerful and has unlimited authority and influence over all creation.

Describe the concept of the Trinity in Catholic Christianity.

The Trinity refers to the belief in one God who exists as three distinct persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

What role does Jesus Christ play in Catholic Christian beliefs?

Jesus Christ is seen as the Messiah, fulfilling God's plan of salvation, and as the Word made flesh, revealing God's nature to humanity.

What is significant about Jesus Christ's crucifixion and resurrection in Catholic Christianity?

Jesus' crucifixion represents atonement for humanity's sins, and His resurrection signifies victory over sin and death, offering hope of eternal life.

How does St. Augustine's writing contribute to understanding the Trinity in Catholic Christianity?

St. Augustine explores the unity and co-equality of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in his work "De Trinitate," emphasizing the mystery and theological depth of the Trinity doctrine.

According to Genesis 1, how long did it take God to create the world?

God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh day.

What is the significance of humanity being created in the image of God (imago Dei) according to Genesis?

Being created in God's image signifies that humans reflect certain attributes of God, such as rationality, creativity, and moral responsibility.

Describe the differences between the first and second creation accounts in Genesis.

The first account (Genesis 1) provides a systematic overview of the creation of the world and humanity in six days, while the second account (Genesis 2) focuses more specifically on the creation of Adam and Eve and their placement in the Garden of Eden.

What is the consequence of Adam and Eve eating the forbidden fruit in Genesis 3?

The consequences include their realization of shame, expulsion from the Garden of Eden, and the introduction of suffering and death into the world. This event is often interpreted as the origin of Original Sin.

How does the concept of dominion over the earth, as stated in Genesis 1, influence Christian beliefs about stewardship and environmental responsibility?

The concept of dominion emphasizes humanity's role as stewards of creation, responsible for caring for and preserving the earth. It encourages environmental stewardship among Christians.

What does it mean for humans to be created in the image of God (Imago Dei) according to Genesis 1:26-28?

Being created in the image of God signifies that humans possess dignity, worth, and the capacity for relationship with God. This includes the ability to reason, make moral decisions, and have stewardship over creation.

According to Genesis 2:7, what does God breathing life into Adam symbolize?

God breathing life into Adam symbolizes the creation of the soul, the immortal essence of a person that reflects their individuality and capacity for spiritual life.

How does Thomas Aquinas view human nature despite the Fall?

Aquinas teaches that human nature remains essentially good because it is created by God. Despite Original Sin, humans retain the potential for virtue and goodness through their actions and God's grace.

What role does free will play in Thomas Aquinas' teachings on human nature?

Aquinas emphasizes that humans possess free will, which grants them the ability to choose freely and be morally responsible for their actions. This freedom is crucial for moral decision-making and spiritual growth.

What aspects of human nature does Thomas Aquinas emphasize through the concept of the rational soul?

Aquinas highlights the rational soul as central to human nature, enabling humans to seek truth, understand God's creation, and engage in rational thought and moral discernment.

According to Matthew 7:13-14, what do the narrow and wide gates represent in Jesus' teachings on morality?

The narrow gate symbolizes the path of righteousness and obedience to God's will, which is challenging but leads to life. The wide gate represents the easier path of worldly indulgence that leads to destruction.

What is the significance of the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) in Catholic teachings on love?

This parable emphasizes the importance of showing love and compassion to all people, regardless of their background or circumstances. It illustrates that true love is active, selfless, and crosses societal boundaries.

How does the sacrament of Reconciliation (Confession) reflect Catholic beliefs on forgiveness and repentance?

Reconciliation allows Catholics to confess their sins to a priest, receive absolution, and experience God's mercy. It underscores the importance of repentance, forgiveness, and spiritual renewal.

What ethical approach does Catholicism advocate in decision-making, emphasizing the teachings of Jesus?

Catholic ethical teachings often align with Divine Command Ethics, where moral actions are judged based on God's commands as revealed in Scripture and Church teaching. This approach emphasizes absolute moral standards rooted in God's will.

According to Jesus' teachings in Matthew 6:19-21, what advice does he give regarding earthly and heavenly treasures?

Jesus advises against accumulating earthly wealth, which is temporary and vulnerable. Instead, he encourages focusing on spiritual treasures stored in Heaven, which are eternal and secure from decay or loss.

What role does the local Catholic Church play within its community?

The local Catholic Church serves as a center for worship, community activities, and spiritual guidance.

Who oversees a diocese in the Catholic Church and what is their role?

A diocese is overseen by a bishop who provides spiritual and administrative leadership, ensuring the teachings and practices of the Church are upheld.

What are the main components of the Mass in Catholic worship?

The Mass includes the Liturgy of the Word, which involves readings from Scripture and a homily, and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, where bread and wine are consecrated into the Body and Blood of Christ.

What is the significance of offering Masses for the dead in Catholic practice?

Catholics offer Masses for the dead to pray for their souls, seeking God's mercy and eternal rest for the deceased.

How does the Catholic Church encourage its members to live out the values of the Mass in their daily lives?

Catholics are encouraged to integrate their faith into daily life through acts of service, charity, and community building, known as "Living the Mass."

What is the Great Commission as described in Matthew 28:16-20?

Jesus commands His disciples to evangelize, baptize, and teach all nations, spreading the Gospel message and making disciples.

According to Pope Francis' Evangelii Gaudium, what does he emphasize about the Church's mission?

Pope Francis calls for a renewed missionary spirit, social outreach, and pastoral conversion to make the Church more inclusive and responsive to contemporary challenges.

What is the mission of Missio within the Catholic Church?

Missio supports missionaries and local churches in spreading the Gospel globally, emphasizing both evangelization and practical aid.

Name a Catholic group focused on promoting racial justice and equality.

The Catholic Association for Racial Justice (CARJ) works to promote racial justice and equality within the Church and broader society.

How does the Catholic Church respond to the persecution of Christians in the modern world?

The Church calls for prayer, advocacy, and solidarity to support persecuted Christians globally, emphasizing the defense of religious freedom and human dignity.

According to Genesis 1, how does the Catholic Church describe the process of creation?

Genesis 1 describes the creation of the universe in six days, where God systematically creates light, sky, land, vegetation, stars, animals, and humans.

What does Laudato Si' emphasize regarding human responsibility towards creation?

Laudato Si' emphasizes the interconnectedness of all creation and calls for humans to care for the earth as stewards, promoting an integral ecology that respects both the environment and human dignity.

How does the Catholic Church reconcile scientific views on evolution with religious beliefs?

The Catholic Church supports theistic evolution, which sees evolution as compatible with Catholic doctrine as long as it acknowledges God's role as the ultimate creator.

What is the significance of Psalm 8:6 in Catholic teaching on creation?

Psalm 8:6 reflects the honor given to humans by God to care for creation, emphasizing the responsibility of stewardship rather than exploitation.

How does CAFOD promote global citizenship and environmental stewardship in line with Catholic teachings?

CAFOD works to alleviate poverty, promote sustainable development, support environmental projects like clean energy initiatives, and advocate for policies that protect the environment and vulnerable populations.

According to the Big Bang theory, how did the universe originate?

The Big Bang theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from a dense, hot singularity that rapidly expanded, supported by evidence like cosmic microwave background radiation and galaxy redshift.

How does Richard Dawkins' concept of the "Selfish Gene" contribute to the understanding of evolution?

Richard Dawkins argues in "The Selfish Gene" that evolution is driven by genes striving for survival and replication, highlighting that evolution is a blind, natural process without inherent purpose or direction.

What does Humanism emphasize regarding stewardship and responsibility towards the environment?

Humanism promotes responsible stewardship of natural resources and environmental protection based on scientific understanding and ethical principles, advocating for sustainability and reducing human impact on the planet.

How does the non-religious view differ from the Catholic view on the creation of the universe?

Non-religious views, like the Big Bang theory, explain the universe's origins through natural processes without invoking a divine creator, contrasting with the Catholic belief that God is the ultimate cause of creation.

What are some key differences in how stewardship and responsibility are approached between Catholic and non-religious perspectives?

Catholic stewardship is rooted in religious beliefs about humanity's role as caretakers of God's creation, emphasizing moral and spiritual responsibilities. Non-religious perspectives focus on ethical principles, scientific understanding, and human well-being without religious reference.

According to Catholic teachings, when does human life begin and why is it considered sacred?

Human life begins at conception and is sacred because it is created by God in His image (imago Dei), possessing inherent dignity and worth.

What is the Catholic Church's stance on abortion?

The Catholic Church categorically opposes abortion, viewing it as the deliberate termination of innocent human life, which must be respected and protected from conception onwards (Catechism of the Catholic Church 2270).

How does the Catholic Church view euthanasia and assisted dying?

Euthanasia and assisted suicide are considered morally unacceptable by the Catholic Church (Evangelium Vitae 65). The Church advocates for palliative care as an ethical alternative, focusing on relieving suffering and providing compassionate support to the dying.

What are some local Catholic initiatives that reflect the Church's pro-life stance?

Initiatives like "Choose Life" campaigns and organizations such as the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) educate about the value of human life, support pregnant women, and advocate for legal protections for the unborn.

How does the Catholic Church support end-of-life care?

Catholic hospices provide end-of-life care aligned with Church ethical principles, emphasizing holistic care that respects the dignity of the person. The Sacrament of the Sick (Anointing of the Sick) offers spiritual healing and comfort to the seriously ill, underscoring the Church's commitment to compassionate care.

According to Peter Singer, what is more important than the sanctity of life?

Peter Singer argues that the quality of life, including the capacity for suffering and enjoyment, should be prioritized over the sanctity of life itself.

What is speciesism, according to Peter Singer, and how does it relate to his views on ethics?

Speciesism is the belief that human interests outweigh those of non-human animals. Singer criticizes this bias and advocates for equal consideration of interests, irrespective of species.

How does Peter Singer's view on abortion differ from traditional religious perspectives?

Singer argues that early-term abortion is ethically permissible because fetuses lack the characteristics that confer personhood, such as sentience and self-awareness.

What are non-religious perspectives on the right to choose in terms of abortion?

Non-religious perspectives emphasize a woman's autonomy and right to choose whether to continue a pregnancy, grounded in principles of bodily autonomy and reproductive rights.

How do non-religious perspectives approach euthanasia and assisted dying?

Non-religious perspectives support euthanasia and assisted dying as choices that respect personal autonomy and dignity, particularly for those facing terminal illness and unbearable suffering.

What does the religious perspective emphasize regarding the sanctity of life?

The religious perspective views life as sacred and a divine gift, which mandates absolute prohibitions on practices like abortion and euthanasia.

How does the non-religious perspective differ in its approach to the sanctity of life?

Non-religious perspectives prioritize the quality of life over the sanctity of life, advocating for personal autonomy in decisions about abortion and euthanasia, based on considerations of well-being and suffering.

What does the religious perspective generally advocate regarding the right to choose in terms of abortion and euthanasia?

Religious perspectives typically oppose abortion and euthanasia, citing the sanctity of life and moral teachings that prohibit deliberate termination of life.

How does the non-religious perspective approach the right to choose in relation to abortion and euthanasia?

Non-religious perspectives support reproductive rights and assisted dying, emphasizing principles of autonomy, compassion, and individual rights in making end-of-life decisions.

What distinguishes the religious perspective from the non-religious perspective regarding life before death versus afterlife?

The religious perspective often focuses on preparing for an afterlife through ethical living aligned with religious teachings, aiming for spiritual salvation. In contrast, the non-religious perspective prioritizes living a meaningful and ethical life in the present, focusing on human well-being and happiness.

What is the Catholic belief about the soul?

Catholics believe every human has an immortal soul that survives physical death and is destined for eternal life with God.

Describe the process of judgment in Catholic belief.

Immediately after death, souls undergo particular judgment based on their faith and actions. At the end of time, there will be a final judgment when all will be resurrected and judged.

What is the Beatific Vision in Catholic theology?

Heaven is a state of eternal happiness where souls experience the Beatific Vision, the direct presence and glory of God.

Explain the Catholic concept of Purgatory.

Purgatory is a state of temporary purification for souls destined for heaven but needing purification from venial sins or temporal punishment.

How do Catholic funerals reflect beliefs about the afterlife?

Catholic funerals include rites like the Vigil Service, Funeral Mass, and Committal, emphasizing the hope of resurrection, eternal life, and the community of saints

What do Catholics believe about the afterlife?

Catholics believe in the immortality of the soul, with beliefs in particular judgment, heaven, hell, and purgatory. The afterlife is seen as a continuation of the soul's journey towards or away from God.

Describe Humanist beliefs about death.

Humanists generally believe that death marks the definitive end of an individual's existence. They do not believe in an immortal soul or an afterlife, focusing instead on the legacy and impact left behind.

How do Catholic funerals reflect beliefs about the afterlife?

Catholic funerals include rituals and prayers aimed at preparing the soul for its journey and comforting the bereaved through the hope of resurrection and eternal life.

What are the key features of Humanist funerals?

Humanist funerals focus on celebrating the life and achievements of the deceased. They are non-religious ceremonies personalized to reflect the individual's character and values, often including readings, music, and eulogies.

Compare the purposes of Catholic and Humanist funerals.

Catholic funerals aim to honor the deceased, pray for their soul, and reaffirm belief in eternal life and resurrection. Humanist funerals aim to celebrate the deceased's life, offer support to the bereaved, and emphasize living a meaningful and ethical life.

What is Moral Relativism?

Moral Relativism is the belief that what is considered morally right or wrong can vary based on culture, society, or individual circumstances.

Define Moral Absolutism.

Moral Absolutism is the belief that certain actions are universally right or wrong, regardless of context or circumstances.

Explain Divine Command Theory.

Divine Command Theory asserts that an act is considered wrong if it goes against the commands or teachings of God as revealed through sacred texts and religious tradition.

What is Conscience?

Conscience is the inner sense of right and wrong that guides a person's actions and decisions. In Catholic thought, it is considered the voice of God within an individual.

Name two types of Sin according to Catholicism.

Catholicism distinguishes between venial sins (less serious offenses) and mortal sins (graver offenses against God's will).

What are some social and economic factors considered causes of crime in Catholic beliefs?

Poverty, lack of education, and social inequality.

According to Catholic teachings, what are some moral factors that contribute to crime?

Sin and personal moral failings.

What are the aims of punishment according to Catholic beliefs?

Justice, retribution, deterrence, and reformation.

How do Catholic teachings influence the treatment of criminals?

Emphasizing human dignity, demanding humane treatment and respect for their rights.

Who are prison reformers mentioned in Catholic perspectives, and what do they advocate?

Figures like Elizabeth Fry and John Howard advocate for improving prison conditions and promoting rehabilitation over mere punishment.

What recent stance has the Catholic Church taken regarding the death penalty?

The Church has moved towards stronger opposition, advocating for its abolition worldwide, emphasizing human dignity and the possibility of redemption.

How does Pope Francis contribute to the Church's stance on capital punishment?

Pope Francis has called for the abolition of the death penalty globally, reflecting a commitment to mercy and reformation.

What practical engagements does the Catholic Church undertake regarding crime and punishment?

The Church advocates for just legal systems, supports prison reform, and promotes humane treatment of prisoners. It also aids in the reintegration of former prisoners into society through charitable initiatives.

According to Christian teachings, what role does forgiveness play in addressing personal and societal injustices?

Forgiveness is fundamental for promoting reconciliation, healing wounds, and restoring relationships, both individually and collectively.

What are the principles of Christian pacifism based on?

Christian pacifism is rooted in Jesus' teachings of non-violence and love for enemies, advocating for non-violent means of conflict resolution and opposing war under any circumstances.

According to Matthew 18:21-22, how many times did Jesus say we should forgive others?

Jesus teaches to forgive others "seventy-seven times," emphasizing unlimited forgiveness.

How does Matthew 6:14-15 connect God's forgiveness with our forgiveness of others?

It states that if we forgive others, God will forgive us; if we do not forgive others, neither will God forgive us.

In John 20:21-23, what authority did Jesus give to his disciples?

Jesus empowered his disciples to forgive sins, highlighting the importance of forgiveness in Christian life and ministry.

What does unconditional forgiveness in Christianity reflect?

It reflects God's unconditional love and mercy toward sinners, emphasizing forgiveness as a central aspect of Christian faith and practice.

Provide an example of forgiveness from historical or contemporary Christian perspectives.

Corrie ten Boom forgave her Nazi captors despite enduring persecution in a concentration camp during World War II, demonstrating profound Christian forgiveness

According to Augustine, where does evil originate from?

Evil originates from the misuse of free will by humanity. Augustine explains that Adam and Eve's disobedience introduced sin and its consequences into the world.

What does Augustine discuss in The Enchiridion 3:11 regarding the origin of evil?

Augustine discusses how evil arises from the free will given by God, which humans can either use rightly (for good) or wrongly (for evil).

According to Irenaeus/Hick's Soul-Making Theodicy, what purpose does evil and suffering serve?

It serves as a means for the development of human souls, allowing for moral growth, character formation, and the attainment of greater virtues.

What is the Logical Problem of Evil?

It questions how the existence of evil can be reconciled with the attributes of a perfectly good, all-powerful God.

In Salvifici Doloris 23, what does Pope John Paul II emphasize about suffering?

He emphasizes that suffering, when united with Christ's suffering on the Cross, can be redemptive and contribute to the salvation of humanity.