Aplicacion de Metodologías Ágiles y Control de Calidad de Software

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Copia: Semana 22 - Cap 27: Filtración Glomerular, Flujo Sanguíneo Renal y su Control - Tratado de Fisiología Medica de Guyton y Hall 14va. Edición

Introduction to Crime and Criminal Justice

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measures of central tendency, grouped data L6

measures of central tendency, ungrouped L6

Variable – Anything that can have different values or change. Testable hypothesis – A prediction that can be tested to see if it is supported or proven wrong by observations. Operational definition – A clear explanation of exactly how a variable will be measured or tested. Dependent variable – The variable that is measured or recorded during an experiment. Independent variable – The variable that the researcher changes or controls in an experiment. Population – The entire group of people or things that a researcher wants to learn about. Sample – A smaller group chosen from the population to be studied. Random sampling – A method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study. Case study – A detailed study of one person. External validity – How well the results of a study apply to real life and other people or situations. Demand characteristics – Clues that tell participants what the researcher expects or wants them to do. Double-blind design – A study where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in each group. Correlation – A relationship between two variables that change together. If one increases and the other increases, it is a positive correlation. If one increases while the other decreases, it is a negative correlation. Validity – How well a test or method measures what it is supposed to measure. Quasi-experiment – A study that compares groups that already existed instead of groups created by the researcher. Correlational studies – Studies that look at how variables are related without changing or controlling those variables. Experiment – A study where the researcher changes one variable to see if it causes a change in another variable. Experimental manipulation – When a researcher purposely changes the independent variable to see what happens. Experimental group – The group that receives or experiences the change made by the researcher. Control group – The group that does not receive the experimental change. It is used for comparison. Random assignment – Randomly placing participants into different groups so the groups are similar at the beginning of the experiment. Internal validity – How sure we can be that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable. Replication – Repeating a study or experiment to see if you get the same results. Informed consent – When a person agrees to participate in a study after being told what the study will involve. Debriefing – When the researcher explains the purpose and details of the study to participants after the experiment is finished. IRB (Institutional Review Board) – A group that reviews research involving people to make sure their rights, safety, and well-being are protected.