Studied by 1 person
AQE 1
History of Architecture
Discusses the significant events in the field of architecture in relation to a particular group of people, country, or period.
Geographical
The way the people live and the development of their civilization depends upon the characteristic features of the land.
Geological
Earth's physical structure and substance affects the development architectural style in each country.
Climate
This effect the utilization of materials present in a certain area. Can make or break any architectural styles.
Religion
Usually present in any civilization and most of the time a center of civilization
Social and Political
Connotes the development of human social need throughout the human existence.
Sir Banister Fletcher
"The time spent in the study of the architecture of the past will, therefore, never be regretted, for every ruin tells of the history of other days, and enables the character and conditions of men of past periods to be conjured up, thus opening wide to all students and lovers of old buildings the enjoyment of contemplating forms which will then have for them a meaning and a charm."
Sir Banister Fletcher
English Architect and Historian in the 1800s
CIVILIZATION SOCIETY CULTURE STYLE EXPRESSION
Shelter Needs + Social Needs = Development in Architecture thus gives birth to:
Caves
Earliest form of human shelter discovered in:
Pleistocene Period
Earliest cave dwellers was during the:
Neolithic Period
Trade and cultural contact started existing in the Philippines during the:
Tabon Cave Complex
Most antiquated cave.
Discovered in Lipuun Point.
Located on a raised mass of limestone.
Angono Petroglyphs Rockshelter
A shallow rock shelter about 63 m wide, 8 m deep.
Discovered by Carlos "Botong" Francisco
Tau't Batu
Southern Palawan
Following a seasonal fluctuation in the weather, the people follow a nomad way of life.
datag
a basic sleeping platform
Idjang
a triangular shaped hill made to act like a fortress of the European countries.
Balangay, Boat House
Built entirely out of wood.
Used for seafaring by the ancient kingdom of Butuan.
barangay
derived from blangay due to its size that can accommodate multiple house hold.
Ephemeral
means lasting for a very short time
Ephemeral Architecture
is an ancient part of our architectural heritage, stretching back to the vernacular works of nomadic cultures.
Pinanahang
botanic sheild of the Agta of Palanan.
Hawong
It is usually constructed with a ridge pole supported by forked stakes or limbs. It forms two sloping sides with one or both end open
Dait-Dait
Mamanua use a simple windscreen when hunting.
built with wild banana, coconut fronds or grass usually lashed out with rattan.
Arboreal
means living in trees.
Arboreal Shelter
Tree houses in the PH, usually found in areas where violent intertribal conflicts or nocturnal raids are frequent
aligang
nocturnal abode
Rice Terraces
Considered as Mega structure in Prehistoric period.
Found in the cordillera region at an altitude of anywhere from 500-1600 m.
used for cultivation of taro and other crops
Vernacular
means "native"
Vernacular Architecture
is about exemplifies the commonest building techniques based on the forms and materials of a particular historical period, region, or group of people.
Vernacular Architecture
Broadly applied to denote indigenous, pock, tribal, ethnic/traditional architecture found among the different ethnolinguistic.
Ethnolinguistic
Refers to the grammar, syntax, diction in expressing buildings in a locale.
Ivatan House
This are the dwelling that are present in every idjang.
Lagatiti
Looks like a combination of a lean-to and a typical thatched house.
Surrounded by cogon walls on the three sides.
Rahaung
characterized by an a-frame supported by wood post and narrow wooden platforms
Jinjin
an improvement of rahaung incorporated with walls made of cogon.
Nirindin
type of dwelling that is present only in the island of Itbayat.
Mayhurahed
an improvement of Nirindin type of dwelling.
Binuron
a traditional Isneg house
made of bamboo shingles and resembled like an inverted boat.
Binayon
a traditional Kalinga house
main feature is its octagonal plan
Fay-u
The traditional Bontoc house for the affluent.
Katyufong
Traditional Bontoc house designated for the poor.
Kol-lob / katyufong.
Traditional Bontoc residence of widows or unmarried old women; can also be called
Ba-le
Also called as Fale is a traditional Ifugao house for the affluent.
one of the first pre-fabricated house in vernacular dwelling in Cordillera.
Binangiyan
traditional Kankanai house for the wealthy.
Bahay Kubo
Traditional lowland dwelling of northern and central regions.
Bahay Kubo
described as "The passively-cooled house"
Ati's House
Common type of dwelling in Iloilo, Capiz and Guimaras islands. Typically made from round timber post & walls are made of binanlak nga bolo (small bamboos).
Lepa
Also known as lipa or lepalepa, is an indigenous ships of Sama-Bajau, indigenous people in Sulu archipelago.
Luma
Houses are built separately in staggard pattern but connected the neighborhood thru Jambatan (Footbridge)
Samal House
elevated rectangular one-room structures near the coastal waters of Southern Mindanao, Palawan, Zamboanga, and Sulu archipelago.
Bay Sinug
traditional house of the Tausog in the Southern Philippines.
Lumah
Traditional house of the Yakans
Torogan
Dwelling symbol of a high social status in a traditional Maranao house which serves as an ancestral residence of the Datu and his extended family
Austronesian Ethnicity
closely related to the indigenous people of Taiwan who started to migrate to the Philippines and from the Philippines to Indonesia, Malaysia, Micronesia, as far as Polynesia and Madacascar
Austronesian Dwelling
Depicted by pile construction on stilts, raised living floor & a pitch roof w/ extended ridges.
Materials are usually wood and bamboo, palm leaves, grass thatch, and plant fibers.
Malayan Ethnicity
The Asian spice trade during the Pre-European Era marks the route of Traders in Southeast Asia including Taiwan and main land China.
South Asian style
Religion played a big role in the development of architectural design in this region.
Colonialism
interaction between colonizer and the colonized
imposition of political control of powerful states over weaker ones
GOD,GOLD and GLORY
motivations of the Spain in colonizing the Philippines
Cebu
Country's oldest settlement that retains much of the flavour of its long Spanish heritage.
Reducción
This was enforced to make the administration and collection of taxes easier.
Encomienda system
a grant by the crown to specific official with specified number of "Indios" (subject) living in a particular area.
System of cities and towns
institution of hierarchical settlement system
Cuadricula
system of streets and blocks laid out in a grid pattern, with uniform precision
Colonial infrastructures
The introduction of building typologies and construction technology through colonial infrastructure.
The Law of the Indies
Colonial cities were built based in this code.
munisipyo
casa real / town hall
one of the civic buildings adjacent to the plaza that serves as the resident-office of the designated town official who has an administrative jurisdiction over a town or city.
eskinita
alley;
a narrow road that provides access to interior lots for building s.
simbahan
iglesia; church
an edifice or place of Christian worship
Plaza Complex
layout and placement of both civic and ecclesiastical buildings around the central plaza based on Ordenanza of 1573.
traza
the gridiron plan that defines the layout of the town or city.
pangunahing kalsada
calle real; main road
wide or spacious flat surface to transport goods and acts as a way of travel for people.
kalsada
calzada; road
the wide or spacious road between buildings and houses connected to the main road.
plasa
plaza;
the wide open space bounded by roadas and adjacent to the civic and ecclesiastical buildings of a town.
obelisko
obelisco; obelisk
a slender stone with square base that tapers as it rises and terminates with a pyramidal form at its apex.
bahay
casa; house
the dwelling place of a family.
hakuman / korte
casa tribunal; courthouse
multi-use civic building with meeting halls for municipal guilds, courtroom and detention for law offenders, and temporary shelter for transient and wayfarers.
looban or bakuran
solar; plot
a small area of land that is or could be used for a particular purpose.
lindero
lot boundary;
the legally defined and recorded boundaries of a property or parcel of land.
Basilica del Santo Niño
founded by Fray Andres de Urdaneta and Fray Diego de Herrera in 1565 . It is built on the spot where the image of Santo Nino de Cebu
Fuerte de San pedro
a military defense structure in Cebu built by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first governor of the captaincy general of the Philippines.
Arquitectura Mestiza
new hybrid type of construction was invented to avoid the consequences of both fire and the earthquake
Intramuros
Spanish word that means "the walled city"
Intramuros, Manila
It's wall is 14 m thick and 7.6m above the moat that surrounds it. It has dungeon, watchtower and entry was through seven gates. Boarded by manila bay and Pasig river.
Extramuros
pertained to villages outside the walls became pueblos
Parian
Chinese trading merchants and crafts men live here.
Sangleyes
Chinese trading merchants and crafts men.
Chinese people.
The Japanese Dilao
supplies the Spanish with goods and exotic items not obtainable
Churches
Colonial Churches in the Philippines are considered as National Cultural Treasures
Fortresses
introduced in the Island to find protection from Pirates and Muslim riders.
Institutional Buildings
Establishing a systematize Government is one of the influence of the Spaniards
Educational and Scientific Buildings
various religious orders fulfilled the missionary tasks of bringing education, healthcare, and social welfare to the indigenous subjects
Industrial Buildings
Due to the Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure and public works.
Commercial Buildings
Chinese and traders started to settle near Intramuros to secure a better location for their trading business.
Domestic Structures
The evolution of dwellings in the Philippines during the Spanish era depends on the social status of the Mestizo and Indio.
eskwela
school;
in a church complex, it is a building intended for educational studies especially of kids.
baptiseryo
an independent structure or a space near the church's entrance, which is indicated for baptism.
kumbento
convent:
a building either attached or beside a church that serves as a residence of the parish priest.
patyo ng simbahan
plaza iglesia; church plaza
huge open space in front of the church intended for religious activities or ceremonies.
Note 
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