History Final Exam - DC US History

Which of the following Native American Civilizations was the only one to develop in what is today South America?

Incas

Who were the rulers off Spain that sponsored the voyage of Christopher Columbus?

Isabella and Ferdinand

Which of the following was a motivation for the European Exploration of the Americans?

Spreading Christianity

Which civilization did Pizarro conquer?

Incan Empire

Why did the Aztecs think that Cortes was the god Quetzal Quoatl?

He had a beard

What disease helped Cortes conquer the Aztecs?

Small Pox

How did people move up in the Spanish colonial class system?

The class system was very rigid and did not allow a lot of opportunity to move up the social ladder

What country was Columbus from?

Italy

Who argues against De Las Casas in the Valladolid Debate of 1550-1551?

Sepulveda

Which musical instrument may have been introduced by Africans to the Europeans?

Banjo

Which economic system did capitalism replace?

Feudalism

What was the Middle Passage?

The voyage across the Atlantic that brought slaves to the Americas from Africa

Who was the Portuguese Monarch that eventually succeeded in opening a sea route around Africa to India?

Prince Henry

Which European Country was the first to trade for slaves with Africans?

Portugal

Who was the first European to reach India via the route around the tip of Africa?

Vasoconstriction De Gama

How big was an encomienda?

The size of a modern country

What were the rulers of the Benin civilization known as?

Oba

What was the name of the Native American Union that dominated life in what is today the North Eastern United States prior to the arrival of the Europeans?

The Iroquois Confederation

How do scholars believe that Native Americans came to inhabit North and South America?

They immigrated here from Asia over a land bridge

What statement best describes the Colombian Exchange?

The trade in animals and plants across the Atlantic sparked by the voyage of Christopher Columbus

Who was the English leader who tried and failed to establish a colony at Roanoke Island?

Sir Walter Raleigh

Why did the Native American groups side with Cortes against the Aztecs?

The Aztecs were brutal and not well liked

What Spanish explorer gave the Pacific Ocean its name?

Balboa

Which conquistador first landed in what today we call Florida?

Pounce De Leon

How were the conquistadors supposed to treat the native Americans they conquered?

They were supposed to pay them fair wages, convert them to Christianity, and care for their physical well being

What was the peninsulary?

A peninsulary was a member of the highest social class in the Spanish colonies of the New world because they have been born in Spain

Which three areas came together to form the culture and society that today we call the United States?

Africa, Europe, and the Americas

Where was the Aztecs civilization located?

In modern day Central Mexico

Now far North do we think the Aztecs traded?

Texas

What religion did the Songhai civilization believe in?

Islamic

Where were most of the African civilization located?

Western Africa

How did the African’s come to the Americas?

They were brought over via the slaves trade

Who called for the Crusades?

Pope Urban II

Which term best describes how Native Americans were viewed by Europeans?

Savages

Which European power had the best relationship with the Native Americans?

The French

Who was the Spanish priest who advocated for better treatment of the Native Americans?

Bartolommeo De Las Casas

Which of the following explanations best describes the encomienda system?

A system by which the Spanish controlled their newly acquired land

Why did the Spanish intermarry with Indigenous populations more tan the English?

The English came over as families

Which conquistador conquered the Aztecs?

Hernan Cortes

Which of the following one of the first successful British colonies?

Jamestown

Which was the southern most colony of the 13 original colonies?

Georgia

Which modern American city was founded at the mouth of the Mississippi River by the French?

New Orleans

What was Henry Hudson, an English explorer who sailed for the Dutch, looking for when he first sailed up the river which today bears his name?

The Northwest Passage

How were the people who were immigrating to the English colonies best described?

Poor and landless

Which British colony was founded by Quakers?

Pennsylvania

Which of the 13 original colonies was originally founded as a way to relieve overcrowded debtors prisons in England?

Georgia

Who was the founder of the colony of Rhode Island?

Roger Williams

According to the Mercantilist economic philosophy what was the purpose of a colony?

To enrich the mother country

Describe the English policy of salutary neglect?

Very lax enforcement of regulations by the English Crown

Who was the leader who saved Jamestown in the earlier years of the colony?

John Smith

Which cash crop saved Jamestown and is sometimes referred to as brown gold?

Tobacco

Who lead an early rebellion against the colony at Jamestown?

Nathaniel Bacon

Why did rural farmers rebel against Jamestown?

The farmers did not feel that the colony was protecting them from the Native Americans

Which religious group founded the Massachusetts Bay colony?

Puritans

Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony?

John Winthrop

What was the goal of the Puritans when they moved to the New World?

To purify religion

Why did the Puritans want to educate their children?

So they could read the Bible

Why was Rhode Island founded?

Roger Williams was kicked out of Massachusetts Bay

Which colonial leader believed that the church was not necessary to have a relationship with God?

Anne Hutchinson

Where did King Phillip’s War take place?

New England

Which tribal group did Metacomet belong to?

Wompanoag

Who was the impoverished gentleman farmer who lead a revolt against Jamestown?

Nathaniel Bacon

Which of the following best describes an indentured servant?

A laborer who worked for a master in return for room and board for 4-7 years

What colonial region had the most enslaved Africans?

The Southern colonies

Where did most of the German immigrants to the English colonies settle after they immigrated?

West of Philadelphia

Who were the Scottish-Irish?

Protestant immigrants from Northern Ireland of Scottish descent

Which two colonies were most open to other religious practices?

Rhode Island and Pennsylvania

What was the Great Awakening?

A revival intense religious fervor among large numbers of colonial inhabitants

Which statement best describes the Enlightenment?

A time period when scholars advocated for a reliance on human reason and science

What is Mercantilism?

An economic philosophy that says the country with the most gold wins

According to the Mercantilist philosophy how does a country accumulate wealth?

A country has to export (sell) more than they import (buy)

Which of the following best describes the English style of governing her North American colonies known as salutary neglect?

Interfere as little as possible in colonial affairs so that they may govern themselves

What region of the North American colonies grew primarily cash crops?

The Southern colonies

Which colonial region saw greater immigration from Europe during the colonial era?

The Northern colonies

Who was John Locke?

An Enlightenment thinker who had significant impact on colonial thought regarding government

Who were George Whitfield and Jonathon Edwards?

Both were prominent preachers during the Great Awakening?

Who built Fort Necessity?

George Washington

In which modern American city would you find the site of what was Fort Duquesne?

Pittsburg

Why did Parliament pass the Sugar Act after the French and Indian War?

England was struggling to pay for the French and Indian War and they wanted the colonists to help pay for it

What group met in response to the Intolerable Acts?

The First Continental Congress

Where were the first shots of the Revolution fired?

Lexington

What is the Olive Branch Petition?

The Colonists last attempt at a peaceful resolution to the conflict between the Colonies and Britain

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Which Colonial military victory persuaded the French to lend their support to the rebellious Colonies?

Saratoga

Which battle ended the Revolutionary War?

Yorktown

According to the Treaty of Paris which ended the American War for independence what was the western boundary of the United States of America?

The Mississippi River

In which battle did Molly Pitcher participate?

Monmouth

What did the Articles of Confederation do?

They established a weak central government

Who lead a rebellion in Massachusetts protest high taxes in 1786?

Daniel Shays

According to the Proclamation of 1763 how far west could the colonists move?

The Appalachian Mountains

According to the Stamp Act where would violators be tried?

Admiralty Courts

How did the Proclamation of 1763 change the colonial view of British Law?

The colonists viewed British Law as weak

Why did parliament pass the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and the Quartering Act?

They were heavily in debt from the French and Indian War

What other name is the French and Indian War known by?

The Seven Years War

Where were the Sons of Liberty from?

New England

What was the Gaspee

A British schooner

Which of the following was the leader of the Sons of Liberty?

Samuel Adams

How much tea was dumped into the harbor at Boston during the Boston Tea Party?

15,000 Pounds

What did Great Britain do in response to the British Tea Party?

Closed the port of Boston

Who was the commanding officer for the British at the Battle of New York?

Howe