Mental and Physical Health: AP Psychology

Stress

a factor in heightened susceptibility to disorders and diseases

suppresses your immune system

Motivators(Eustress)

positive stress

Debilating (Distress)

negative stress

ACE’s

Adverse Childhood Experiences (abuse, neglect)

General Adaption Syndrome

describes the process of experiencing stress

1. Alarm Reaction

When you encounter some type of stress

2. Resistance

stress is confronted

3. Exhaustion

your body becomes exhausted to the stress; this is where people most likely get sick (fatigue, depression, anxiety)

Tend and Befriend Theory

some people react to stress by tending to their own needs or by connecting with others
ex. gathering with friends after a loss

Problem-focused coping

you think stress is a problem and you need to find a solution to solve it

Emotion-focused coping

you need to figure out your emotional reaction to stress

Positive psychology

factors that lead to well being, resilience, positive emotions, and psychological health (gratitude)

subjective well being

people say when they express gratitude it makes them feel better

6 Categories of virtues

1. Wisdom

2. Courage

3. Humanity

4. Justice

5. Moderation

6. Transcendence

After some traumatic event…

…there is growth

Maladaptive

dealing with something in an unhealthy way

Factors used to identify psychological disorders

• level of dysfunction

• perception of distress

• deviation from the social norm

psychiatrist

medical doctor; prescribes medicine

psychologist

therapist

DSM-5

classifies and contains descriptions and symptoms and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders

Specific phobia

fear or anxiety toward a specific situation
ex. fear of elevators, fear of dogs

acrophobia

fear of heights

aracnophobia

fear of spiders

agoraphobia

intense fear of specific social situations
ex. public transportation, being in a crowd, standing in line, open spaces

Panic disorder

experience of panic attacks; unanticipated and overwhelming

Social Anxiety Disorder

intense fear of being judged or watched by others

generalized anxiety disorder

prolonged experiences of nonspecific anxiety or fear

symptoms: tics, excessive worry, inability to cope

Tics

involuntary movements

Behavioral causes of anxiety disorders

something is learned, learned association

Biological causes of anxiety disorders

people have chemical inbalances

Cognitive causes of anxiety disorders

unhealthy thinking
ex. agoraphobia

dissociative disorders

dissociation’s from consciousness, memory, identity, emotions; they blackout and don’t have any recollection of it; they feel separate from themselves

dissociative amnesia

inability to recall important personal information about themselves; usually a product of trauma or stressful events

dissociative fuge

state of purposeful travel or bewildered wandering

dissociative identity disorder

multiple personality; develops 2 or more independent personalities
usually related to abuse in childhood

integration treatment

accept all personalities

compulsion

repetitive behavior

feeding and eating disorders

altered consumption or absorption of food that impair health or physiological functioning

anorexia nervosa

restriction of energy intake; intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat

bulimia

binge-purge cycle; you eat a lot then throw it all up

Biological causes of eating disorder

genetics, chemical imbalance, heredity from parents

Social cultural causes of eating disorder

social media, enviormental (sports)

Behaviorial causes of eating disorder

learned association, positive reinforcement like compliments

cognitive

people have irrational thoughts, maladaptive thoughts

depressive disorders

presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood along with physical and cognitive changes that affect a persons ability to function

major depressive disorder

depressed mood or loss of interest;
sleep issues, weight loss/gain

persistent depressive disorder

depressed mood lasting for more than 2 years
poor appetite, sleep issues, low self-esteem, low energy, hopelessness

Manic episodes

elevated irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week
Inflated self esteem, flight of ideas, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, super talkative

Schizophrenia Spectrum disorder

• Delusions

• Hallucinations

• Disorganized thinking or speech

• Disorganized motor behavior

Delusions

False beleifs

Hallucinations

false perceptions (hears voice, see’s things that aren’t there)

Disorganized thinking/speech

talking and they make no sense; word salad

Disorganized motor behavior

absolute excitement body movements, repetitive behavior unconsciously.
They guy was constantly twirling his hair

Negative symptoms

takes away from personality

Neuro-developmental Disorder

disorders that occur not appropriate for age/maturity
ex. autism, ADHD

Personality disorders

enduring patterns of internal experience and behavior that is deviant from others; begins early adolescence, leads to distress, stable over time

Cluster A

Paranoid

Schizoid

odd or eccentric behavior

pattern of distress and suspiciousness

pattern of detachment from social relationships

Cluster B

narcissistic

histrionic

borderline

anti-social

dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior (abandonment)

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

pattern of excessive emotion and attention seeking

pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image

Cluster C

dependant

anxious or fearful

pattern of submissive and clinging behavior, excessive need to be taken care of (needs others to take care of them and make decisions for them)

psychologists must abide by certain principles

nonmaleficence; do no harm, fidelity, integrity, respect for peoples rights

Psycho dynamic Therapies (good for DID)

Goal: uncover unconscious conflict; free association: whatever comes to mind, dream interpretation

Humanistic perspective (good for Anxiety)

active listening and unconditional positive regard, wanting to get someone to self actualize

Cognitive therapies

changing unhealthy thoughts; fear heiarches

Behavioral (good for Anxiety)

principles of conditioning, observable behavior that you want to change

• aversion

• system desensitization

• exposure

• bio-feedback

aversion

pairing undesirable behavior with a negative

system desensitization

anxiety hierarchy

exposure

flood patients with anxiety in safe environment
(girl with agoraphobia left with elevator)

biofeedback

they learn to control biological emotions

Cognitive Behaviorial

used for people who experience extreme emotions

• Rational emotive behavioral therapy

Rational emotive behavioral therapy

Your beliefs lead you to act a way which leads to consequences
Beleifs, Actions, Consequence

Obsessions

thoughts or impulses that occur over and over again and feel outside the persons control

Compulsions

repetitive behaviors or thoughts that a person uses to neutralize or counteract the obsession

Ptsd syptoms

unwanted memories of traumatic events, reliving a traumatic event, upsetting dreams or nightmares, severe emotional distress or physical reaction to something that reminds you of a traumatic event

Hypervigellence: overly protective, Flashbacks, Insomnia, Hostiltiy

Group Therapy (AA, NA, GA)

effective; they realize others have similar problems to their own

Hypnosis

effective in treating pain and anxiety

Anti-anxiety drug

suppressing the central nervous system, treats anxiety

Anti-depressant

SSRI’s are most commonly prescribed drug'; stops reuptake, bipolar

eclectic

a variety; not sticking to one pathway/approach

Anti-psychotics

treats schizophrenia; fewer auditory, hallucinations, less confused and agitated talk

tartdive dyskinesia

movement disorder, they don’t have control

ECT

used for serious depression

rTms

repeated pulses of a magnet in your head; shizo’s have fewer auditory hallucinations

Therapeutic lifestyle change

exercise, sleep, nutrition