ANSC 1401 TTU FINAL

Roughages

more than 18% fiber, low energy, less digestable

Concentrates

high in energy, low in fiber, less digestable

nitrogenous

high protein

Protein is composed of

amino acids

Monosaccharides

1 sugar molecule

Disaccharides

2 sugar molecules

Trisaccharides

3 sugar molecules

Lipids

Fats and oils, composed of fatty acids

When is fat solid?

Room Temperature

Digestion Coefficient

Amount digested/ Amount consumed * 100

Vitamins

Organic catalysts in biochemical reactions, needed in small amounts.

How do you find gross energy?

Burn food and measure energy released.

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

D,E,A,K

Calcium to Phosphorus ratio?

2:1

What are the 6 macro minerals?

Ca, P, Na,Cl,Mg,K

Animals with a rumen can digest:

Cellulose

Lignin:

Wood products, non digestible

Net energy:

available for animal use

3 ways to lose energy:

Heat, Gas/urine, Feces

Vegetation is __ in calcium and ___ in phosphorus

high, low

Feed is ___ in calcium, ___ in phosphorus

low, high

The duodenum is responsible for:

Digestion

Jejunum is responsible for:

absorption

Digestion order in monogastrics

Mouth,Espoghagus, stomach,small intestine, large intestion,

Digestion order in ruminant?

Mouth, stomach, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine

---- temp is better for digestion

Cooler

A _________ rate of passage is better

slower

Heat ______ digestability

increases

True or false: Antibiotics increase undesirable bugs

False

More offspring ______ overhead cost

Reduce

with more offspring ______ selection of traits

more

Flushing:

Increasing thin animals weight right before breeding season.

What season do lambs breed?

Fall

What season do horses breed?

spring

Cattle and pigs are _____ (more or less) flexible breeders than horses and sheep

more

What is a fibroelastic penis?

A penis that stays in the body until erect

What is the primary sex organ of the male?

Testicles

Epididymis:

long tube attached to the side of the testicle that functions as an area for sperm maturation and storage

Vas Deferens:

a tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Scrotum:

contains and protects the testicles and regulates body temp

What are hormones

chemical messengers within the body that regulates body temp.

Gonadotrophin (GnRH) is produced in the ____ of the brain

hypothalamus

FSH

Follicle stimulating hormone- stimulates development of sperm

LH

Luteinizing hormone- stimulates secretion of testosterone

Primary sex organ of female reproductive system

Ovary

What is it called when a follicle ruptures?

Ovulation

If pregnant, the corpus hemorrhagicum is filled with cells and produces a _______ to secrete _____ to maintain pregnancy

corpus luteum,progesterone

If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses to form a ______

corpus albicans

Site of fertilization

Oviducts

Funnel to pick up ovulated egg

infundibulum

During estrus, the cervix is ____ and ______

moist and open

What does Follicle stimulating hormone do?

stimulates growth of follicles on ovary

What does Luteinizing hormone (LH) do?

Causes Graafian follicle to rupture and corpus luteum to form

what does prolactin do?

initiates and maintains lactation

What does oxytocin do?

stimulates uterine contractions and milk letdown

where is estrogen produced?

follicle on ovary

where is progesterone produced?

corpus luteum

Where is relaxin produced?

ovaries or placenta

what animals uses AI the most?

Dairy Cattle

why can't turkeys breed naturally in captivity?

heavy muscling

can inbreeding occur in AI?

Yes

what does a flagging tail mean in a mating male?

Ejaculation

what animals sperm doesn't freeze well?

horse and pig

What animal has the most concentrated sperm?

Ram

Grease on brisket on a female bovine indicates:

They are close to being in heat or already in heat

If two female bovines are mounting, which one is in heat?

the one being mounted

How long after estrus begins should you inseminate a cow?

12-18 hours

How long after estrus begins should you inseminate a ewe?

15 hours

How long after estrus begins should you inseminate a sow?

30 hours

How long after estrus begins should you inseminate a mare?

days 3,5,7 of estrus

Issues associated with AI:

Cost, response to superovulation is variable, females can become infertile, low fertility females could become propagated

What species have a diffuse placenta

sow and mare

what species have a cotyledonary placenta

cow and ewe

morning sickness is

transfer of waste from young to mother

Hyperplasia

increase of number of cells, mainly prenatal

hypertrophy

Increase in size of cells, postnatal

thermoneutral

comfort zone (temperature)

Flight zone

a distance away from an animal before it will move away from you

Pecking order in chickens shows:

social dominance

Does estrogen in meat effect humans?

No, the amount is too small

Why do some farmers raise rBST free cows?

Consumer demand

Estrogen and androgen are _______ hormones

lipid

rBST is a

protein

was the ban of rBST in the EU based on science?

NO

rBST is ___ active in humans

not

What meat product puts you at the biggest risk of ingesting antibiotics?

Veal

Where are implants administered in cattle?

behind the ear

Antibiotics do not pose a threat as long as the ______ period is followed by the producer

withdrawal

GMO's are most efficient in

plants

GMO-

Genetically modified organism