Ch9 Key Issue 1 -Sec.9.1-9.3

HDI

Measures a countries level of development.

MDC

Referred to by the UN as a very high developed country.

LDC

A country that has made some progress toward development but though less that a developed country.

UN

Created the HDI

HDI factors

Standard of living, long/healthy life, access to knowledge.

Poor HDI score

55% and below

High HDI score

80% or above

Africa & S. Asia

Regions with lowest HDI scores

Nine

Number of HDI regions (2 high / 7 mid to low)

Primary Sector

Directly extracting materials from her through agricultural or through mining fishing or forestry.

GNI in developing countries

High percentage spent on primary sector

GNI in developed countries

Low percentage spent on primary sector

Secondary sector

Manufacturing raw materials into products

Tertiary sector

Providing goods and services to people in exchange for payment

Tertiary Jobs

Retail, banking, law, education,

Secondary sector job

Building a table in a factory

UN measure for standard of living

Annual gross income per capita

GNI

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year including money that leaves and enters the country

PPP

An adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods.

Per Capita GNI

Dividing Gross National Income by the Total Pop

GNI Problem

Measures average wealth not the distribution of wealth.

GDP

Measures the output of goods and services in a country but does not count money leaving country.

Productivity

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

Value Added

the gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy

Machines, tools, equipment

A main reason workers in developed countries make more than in developing countries.

Consumer goods

something residents of Developed countries have that developing countries have less of. (computers, automobiles, smartphones).

Smartphones

Technology that expanding quickly in the developing world.

North Am.

Region with the highest per capita income.

Europe

Region with the highest number of cell phones (per 1000)

US & Europe

Regions with the highest vechicles (per 1000)

UN development goal

help countries become healthier and wiser not just wealthier.

Schooling

The most crucial measure to help people gain knowledge for development (UN).

years of schooling measurment

The number of years the avg person 25 + has spent in school.

4.7

Schooling years in Sub-Sahara Africa.

11.5

Avg years in school for developed countries.

Expected Schooling measurre

Avg yrs. a 5 yr old expected to be in school.

16.3

How long 5 year old is expected to be in school in Developed country.

9.3

How long 5 year olds are forecasts to be ins school in sub Sahara Africa.

Pupil/teacher ratio

Avg number of students a classroom teacher has (lower is better)

Literacy Rate

Percentage of a country's people who can read and write.

Education paradox

Developing countries may spend a higher % of GNI on Educ than Developed but the spending per pupil is still far lower in Developing countries.

Developing Learning disadvantage

Students must often use books that are not in their native language.

Life Expectancy at Birth

What UN selected as major contributor to HDI calculation.

80 yrs.

Avg life expectancy in developed country

57 yrs

Avg life expectancy in developing country

Highest HDI

Southern Scandinavia to Western Germany

IHDI

Modified HDI to account for inequality in a country.

Rich/Poor Gap

The IHDI is primarily intended to show this in a country

Kurdish

Region of Turkey that has a high IHDI (more inequality) than other parts of the country.

Northeast

Region in the US with the highest GDP per capita

Southeast

Region in the US with the lowest GDP per capita

GDP per captia

Developed countries have a less regional variation of this than developing countries.

Health Care & Education

Developed Countries provide this to the poor to make their societies more equal