male reproductive system

Male sex cells are called

spermatozoa

Most human cells contain Blank pairs of chromosomes.

23

Human gametes (sperm and ooocytes) are produced by which type of cell division?

meiosis

At the start of meiosis each cell has a total of blank chromosomes, representing blank sets of chromosomes

46, 2

Which of these events happens before meiosis begins?

Chromosomes are replicated.

Most body cells have Blank chromosomes. Sex cells have Blank chromosomes.

46; 23

What is a centromere?

A region that links chromatids.

What term describes two chromosomes in the same cell that have the same genes? These chromosomes pair up during meiosis.

homologous chromosomes

The cell that enters meiosis is Blank with Blank sets of chromosomes.

diploid; two

A haploid cell has Blank sets of Blank chromosomes.

1; 23

What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?

• Chromosomes shorten and thicken.

• Spindles form from microtubules.

• Crossing over occurs.

Before meiosis, each homologous chromosome is replicated so it consists of two DNA strands, each called a

chromatid

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing-over. What does this process produce?

genetically unique (different) sister chromatids

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair with each other in a process called Blank, and exchange parts through Blank

synapsis; crossover

A pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have corresponding gene sequences are called

homologous chromosomes.

Which event occurs during metaphase I?

Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.

Oocytes and sperm cells are Blank they have one copy of each type of chromosome.

haploid

As chromosomes line up at the midline of the dividing cell during Blank maternal and paternal chromosomes are arranged randomly, some to the "right" and some to the "left."

metaphase I

During which part of meiosis do the nucleoli disappear, chromosomes shorten and thicken, and spindles start to form in the cell?

prophase I

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosome pairs separate and a member of each pair moves to one end of the spindle?During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosome pairs separate and a member of each pair moves to one end of the spindle?

anaphase I

During prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called fertilization.

False

Which event occurs during telophase I of meiosis?

The nucleoli reappear.

Formation of a chromatid that contains genetic information from both parents occurs through an exchange between homologous chromosomes called

Crossover

With respect to chromosomal division, meiosis II is most similar to which cell division?

mitosis

During which phase of the first meiotic division do pairs of chromosomes line up about midway between the poles of the developing spindle?

metaphase 1

During the phases of meiosis called Blank 1 and 2 , the nuclear envelope disintegrates and the spindle appears.

Prophase

During metaphase 1, how do the chromosomes align at the midway point between the two poles?

Alignment is random, for some pairs the maternal chromosome is on the right and for others it is on the left.

During metaphase 2, the

sister chromatids align at the cell equator

Which event occurs during anaphase 1?

Homologous chromosome pairs separate.

During the meoitic phase called Blank centromeres separate and chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell. The former chromatids are then considered to be chromosomes.

anaphase 2

During the phase of meiosis called Blank the original nucleus divides into two, and nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes.

telophase 1

Which of the following describes the products of meiosis?

haploid gametes

In meiosis 2, cells start with 23 chromosomes and end up with Blank chromosomes. This process is similar to Blank since the chromosome count doesn't change.

23; mitosis

In males, meiosis results in Blank functional sperm. In females, it results in Blank functional oocytes

four; one

During the meiotic phase called Blank the haploid chromosomes condense and reappear.

prophase 2

The process of meiosis produces Blank genetically Blank cells.

four; different

During the meiotic phase called Blank, the replicated chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers so that the sister chromatids align at the cell equator.

metaphase 2

Which event occurs during anaphase 2 of meiosis?

Centromeres separate, and chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell.

The function of Blank sex organs is the formation of gametes and production of sex hormones.

Primary

Each parent cell produces two daughter cells in the process of Blank, while four daughter cells are produced in the process of Blank

mitosis; meiosis

In which gender does meiosis result in one sex cell and up to three polar bodies?

females

The process of Blank results in the formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes, while the process of Blank results in the formation of diploid cells with two sets of 23 chromosomes.

meiosis; mitosis

Indicate two roles of the male reproductive system.

spermatogenesis

secrete hormones vital to maintaining secondary sex characteristics

The organs that produce gamete are classified as Blank sex organs.

Primary

Which reproductive organ is enclosed within the scrotum?

Testis

The secondary sex organs include Blank reproductive organs responsible for transporting sperm cells and their secretions to the outside of the body.

the internal and external

The male gonads initially develop near the kidneys in the fetus.

True

The testes are contained within a pouch composed of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue that is called the Blank

Scrotum

When do the testes descend into the scrotum?

a month or two before birth

What stimulates the testes to descend during development?

testosterone

Where do the male gonads initially form during fetal development?

near the kidneys

A connective tissue cord that extends from the testis to the floor of the abdominopelvic cavity during development is the

gubernaculum

During development, the passage of the testes through the abdominal musculature is through the

Inguinal canal

What is the spermatic cord?

Structure that suspends the testis in the scrotum.

The failure of a testes to descend into the scrotum is referred to as

cryptorchidism

The gubernaculum is a connective tissue cord that extends from the Blank to the Blank of a developing fetus.

gonad, floor of abdomopelvic cavity

What is the white fibrous capsule that covers the testis?

tunica albuginea

Why are the inguinal canals important in the function of the reproductive system?

During fetal development, the testes pass from the body cavity into the scrotum through these canals.

A tough, white, fibrous capsule extends into the testis forming thin Blank that divide the testis into Blank

septa; lobules

List three structures located within the spermatic cord.

• nerves.

• blood vessels.

• ductus deferens.

Where are seminiferous tubules located?

within the testes

Which condition results from the testes failing to descend?

cryptorchidism

The structures called Blank unite to form a complex network of channels. These channels, called Blank give rise to several ducts that join a tube called the epididymis.

seminiferous tubules; rete testis

The epididymis directs sperm cells into what structure?

ductus deferens

Which structures/cells produce the male sex hormones?

interstitial cells or cells of Leydig

Each testes is divided by septa into a smaller units called

lobules

Blank line seminiferous tubules and give rise to sperm cells. Blank lie in between the tubules and secrete male sex hormones.

Spermatogenic cells; Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig)

Name the tubular structures located within the lobules of the testes.

seminiferous tubules

Indicate the male accessory glands.

• prostate.

• bulbourethral gland.

• seminal vesicle.

The seminiferous tubules empty into a tubular network called the Blank before exiting the testes.

rete testis

A tightly coiled tube located above and behind the testis and that leads into a ductus deferens is the

epididymis

What is produced by the interstitial cells of the testes?

male sex hormones

The site of sperm cell maturation is the Blank As they pass through this structure, sperm gain the ability to "swim."

epididymis

Which cells in the seminiferous tubule give rise to sperm cells?

spermatogenic cells

All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system except the

epididymis

What is the name of the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

ductus deferens

Sperm move from the seminiferous tubules into the rete testis, and then into the Blank Next, sperm enter the ductus deferens.

Epididymis

Indicate the structures that sperm cells pass through.

• ductus deferentia.

• epididymis.

• ejaculatory duct.

What is the function of the epididymides?

site of sperm maturation

What is an ampulla?

A wide or sac-like portion of a tubular organ such as a ductus deferens or uterine tube.

Indicate the characteristics of the ductus deferens (vas deferens).

• Near its end, it dilates into an ampulla. 

• It is part of the spermatic cord.

• It originates at the lower end of the epididymis.

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of which structures?

the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle duct

In males, which type of gland is found on the posterior side of the bladder?

seminal vesicles

Indicate two characteristics of the fluid produced by seminal vesicles.

• It contains fructose.

• It contains prostaglandins.

In males, which gland is located inferior to the urinary bladder, surrounding the superior portion of the urethra?

prostate gland

The prostate gland releases its secretions into the

prostatic urethra

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

posterior to the urinary bladder

Indicate characteristics of prostatic fluid.

• It contains nutrients for sperm.

• It contains PSA, an enzyme that liquifies semen.

• It is a thin, milky fluid.

A patient with high levels of PSA in his blood might have an enlarged Blank gland

Prostate

The gland that surrounds the proximal portion of the urethra and ejaculatory ducts, just inferior to the urinary bladder is the

Prostate gland

Which gland secretes a fluid that functions to lubricate the tip of the penis in preparation for intercourse?

bulbourethral gland

The ducts of the prostate gland open into the

prostatic urethra

The fluid expelled during male orgasm is called

Semen

What is the function of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostatic secretions?

It helps liquefy semen after ejaculation.

What is the average number of sperm cells in one milliliter of semen?

120 million

A PSA blood test that may indicate the presence of an enlarged prostate, possibly from a benign or cancerous growth. What does PSA stand for?

prostate-specific antigen 

Sperm cells cannot fertilize an oocyte until they enter the female reproductive tract. Here they undergo a process called Blank which weakens the acrosomal membranes of sperm cells.

capacitation

Name the small paired structures, in males, located lateral to the membranous urethra within the urogenital diaphragm.

bulbourethral glands

The ability of a sperm cell to fertilize an oocyte generally lasts about Blank after the sperm enters the female reproductive tract.

1-2 days

The function of the bulbourethral glands is to secrete

a fluid that lubricates the end of the penis