skeletal system Anaphy Lec

EC

1. support

2. protection

3. movement

4. storage

5. blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

1. support

2. protection

3. movement

4. storage

5. blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

functions of the skeletal system

rigid strong bones

bears weight and is considered the major supporting tissue of the body

cartilage

provides a firm yet flexible support within structures

ligaments

are strong bonds of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bone and hold them together

protection

the hardness of the bone contributes to its ability to protect the vital organs of the body from injury

movement

skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, when muscles contract, the pull bones and together they produce ________

storage

stores several minerals, especially calcium and phosphorous.

important in maintaining homeostasis of minerals in the blood with minerals stored in the bones are released in response to the body’s demand.

hematopoiesis

bones contain cavities filled with bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and ptatelets.

osteology

the study of bone structures and treatment of bone disorder

bone ossification (osteogenesis)

it refers to the formation of bone by osteoblasts

intramembranous ossification

• a process of bone development from fibrous membrane

• involved in the formation of the flat bones of the skills like the mandible and clavicles

endochondrial ossification

• a process of bone development from hyaline cartilage

• all of the bones of the body except flat bones in the skull.

appositional growth

• refers to the formation of new bone on the surface of existing bone

• responsible for the increase in width or diameter of long bones and most growth of other bones

endochondrial growth

• it refers to the growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate and its eventual replacement by bone.

• responsible for the increase in the length of the bone

bone remodeling

involves the removal of old bone by cells called osteoclasts and the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts.

resorption

A phase during which osteoclasts digests old bones

reversal

when mononuclear cells appear on the bone surface

formation

when osteoblasts lay down new bone until the resorbed bone is completely replaced

Achondroplasia

• a form of short-limbed dwarfism

• means “without cartilage formation”

osteogenesis imperfecta

• known as the brittle bone disease

• a genetic order that results from lack of protein collagen producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured

rickets

a condition wherein the bones of the children are inadequately mineralized causing softened weakened bones

osteomalacia

• bones are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones.

• main symptom is pain when weight is put on the affected bone

osteomyelitis

infection in bone caused by staphylococcus bacteria

osteoporosis

• group of diseases in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit

• spongy bone of the spine is the most vulnerable

• occurs most often in post menopausal women

scoliosis

• lateral curvature of the central part of the spine

• conditioned brought on by a congenitally malformed vertebra

fracture

referes to a break in the bone

arthritis

• means joint iflammation

• marked by pain, stiffness and swelling of the affected joint

osteoarthritis

• commonly known as “wear and tear arthritis”

• a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage that covers the ends of the bones in the joint deteriorates

rheumatoid arthritis

• an active chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting synovial membrane

gouty arthritis

a disease associated with an inborn error of uric acid metabolism

bursitis

an acute or chronic inflammation of the bursa