Legislation

• Marbury v. Madison. Year: 1803 Established Judicial Review

• Gibbons v. Ogden. Year: 1824. Federal Government controls interstate commerce

• Dred Scott v. Sandford. Year: 1857. Slaves weren’t citizens, they were property, and just traveling to a free area couldn’t free them.

• Plessy v. Ferguson. Year: 1896. Separate but equal (segregation)

• Korematsu v. US. Year: 1944 Japanese internment camps.

• Brown v. Board of Education. Year: 1954. Undo Plessy v. Ferguson (end segregation)

• Gideon v. Wainwright. Year: 1963. right to an attorney

• Miranda v. Arizona. Year: 1966. Miranda rights

Continuity and Change🔄🔀️

Timeline ⌛

Time Periods

1. 1491-1607 4-6%

2. 1607-1754 6-8%

3. 1754-1800 10-17%

4. 1800-1848 10-17%

5. 1844-1877 10-17%

6. 1865-1889 10-17%

7. 1890-1945 10-17%

8. 1945-1980 10-17%

9. 1980-2008 4-6%

• 1491- Last year before European Contact in Americas

• 1492: Columbus’ first voyage to the Americas.

  • Colombian Exchange

    • West gives Corn, potatoes, beans, squash.

    • East gives diseases, livestock, horses, fruits.

• 1588: The destruction of the Spanish Armada.

• 1607: The founding of Jamestown.

  • Start of British Colonies

• 1620: “The Pilgrims” founded Plymouth.

• The 1630s: The Puritan “great migration” to New England.

  • Religious freedom, Pilgrims

• 1676: Bacon’s Rebellion, and King Philip’s War was also happening.

  • Bacon’s Rebellion

    • Indentured Servant uprising about not getting land after time is up. Made plantation owners start choosing slaves. (Trans-Atlantic slave trade)

  • Metacom’s War

    • Native American resistance to British control, ultimately unsuccessful

• 1688: The “Glorious Revolution.”

  • Exile of king James leading to William and Mary. Gave more power to parliament versus the monarchy.

• The 1730s: The height of the Great Awakening.

  • Great Awakening is a religious revival in the United States.

• 1754-1763: The Seven Years’ War.

  • British and French debates over land in Ohio River Valley, War is blamed on Colonists, and they are taxed as such. Taxes lead to American Revolution. End of Salutary Neglect.

• 1775-1783: American Revolution

  • Causes: Proclamation of 1763, Taxes, and Quartering act. Boston Massacre. Revolutionaries inspired by enlightenment. British were better funded and more experienced, but USA used guerrilla warfare led my George Washington.

  • Effects: American Independance, Articles of Confederation, everything else in this class.

• 1776: The Declaration of Independence.

  • United States of America Created.

• 1781: The Articles of Confederation / the Siege of Yorktown.

  • First Form of Government in US. Yorktown was last major battle, US won made British decide to give up Colonies.

• 1789: George Washington became the first POTUS.

  • Unanimous election. Government created.

  • Farewell address

    • Willingly give up power, sets precedence for 2 terms, warn of partisanism and foreign affairs.

• 1800 Election of 1800

  • Thomas Jefferson VS Aaron Burr. 1st peaceful transition of party power.

• 1812-1815: The War of 1812.

  • Causes: England impressment of American Ships and arming Native Americans.

  • Effects: Stalemate but Andrew Jackson won a battle after treaty signed making it a slight USA victory.

• 1820: The Missouri Compromise.

  • Missouri enters US a slave state and Maine as a free one. Outlawed slavery above 36 30 lines.

• The 1830s: The height of the Second Great Awakening.

  • Religious Revival emphasis on the decay of morality and faith. Personal faith. Sparks ideas about individual liberties. Joseph Smith.

• 1835-1836: Texan War

  • Causes: US Immigrants to Mexico, conversion to Catholicism ✝, manifest destiny, slavery abolished in Mexico. Alamo.

  • Effects: Texas Independence

• 1844: Election of James K Polk

  • Ran on platform of expansion and manifest destiny,

• 1840’s: Gain North land from Great Brittian

  • US Canada Border along 49th parallel.

• 1846-1848: Mexican American War

  • Causes: Manifest Destiny, Texas Independence, Border dispute (Rio Grande vs Nueces Rivers)

  • Effects: Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago gives US California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Kansas-Nebraska Act: Decide slavery in new territories.

• 1849- California Gold Rush

  • Westward expansion, Manifest Destiny

• 1861-1865: The Civil War

  • Causes: Direct- Lincoln’s Election 1860 caused South Carolina to secede. Lincoln sends troops to Fort Sumter troops attacked by Confederacy Civil War begins. General- Slavery in new territories (Bleeding Kansas), Economics (Cotton is king), State vs Federal rights (Nullification Crisis)

  • Advantages

    • Union- Industry, transport, Population, money

    • Confederacy- “Home field advantage, Committed, supported by Europe at first, military leadership.

  • Effects: Reconstruction of south, Lincoln’s assassination, racism (KKK), south industrializes, Gilded age begins.

• 1869: Transcontinental railroad completed

  • Westward expansion, manifest destiny

• 1877: The end of Reconstruction.

  • Reconstruction to fix South after Civil War.

  • Lincoln’s 10% Plan- 10% of South takes a loyalty Oath to the United States, Improve state government with black people, permanent freedom for black people.

  • Freedman’s Bureau- aid and educate poor people in south.

  • Johnson’s plan-

• 1898: Spanish American War

  • Causes: Imperialism, U.S.S. Maine, Yellow Journalism.

  • Effects: Cuban Independance, Spanish empire ends, American empire begins, America gains Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines.

• 1890: end of Gilded Age/ Start of Progressive era

• 1914-1918: World War I.

  • Causes: Direct- assassination of Franz Ferdinand. General- Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism.

  • US Cause: Zimmerman, total submarine warfare (Lusitania had US citizens)

  • Effects: German reparations, League of Nations, 1st Red Scare, Isolationist America, Post war economic boom.

• 1930s: The Great Depression.

• 1939-1945: World War II.

  • Causes: German reparations, appeasement (Hitler’s invasion of Poland).

  • US Cause: Pearl Harbor

  • Effects: Ends great depression, Cold War begins, Germany divided in E & W, 2nd Red Scare (McCarthyism), Post-war economic boom.

• 1950-1953 Korean War

  • Causes: Cold War

  • Effects: Communism Contained at 38th parallel.

• 1955-1975 Vietnam War

  • Causes: North invades South

  • Effects: Kent state (Protesting college student killed), Johnson’s Great Society, 26th amendment,

• 1980: Election of Ronald Reagan

  • Regan-omics, conservative, ends Cold War.

• 1991: The end of the Cold War

• 2001: Terrorist attacks of 9/11

• 2008: Election of Barak Obama

Immigration and Migration⛵🚂

Pre 1492

• Bering Land Bridge- Native Migrations

1492-1776: European Colonization

• British-East Coast (Most Colonizers)

• Spanish-Florida and Latin America

• French-Canada

• Dutch-New York

1776-1820: Early America

• Northwestern Europe (England, Scotland, Germany, and Scandinavia) Very Protestant

• Africa-Transatlantic Slave Trade

1820-1860: Antebellum

• US Citizens go settle in Mexican Texas, Indian Removal Act-Trail of Tears

• Wave of Irish ✝ ([Nativism and Know Nothing Party] Boston, NYC, Philadelphia) and German (Farmers Pennsylvania and Midwest) Immigrants.

1840-1890: Wild West

• Manifest Destiny- Oregon Trail, LDS Pioneers, California Gold Rush.

• Chinese immigrants work in California on transcontinental railroad.

1890-1920: Progressive Era

• Industrialization and Urbanization- Southern and Eastern Europeans (Italy, Poland, Greece, and Russia ✝☦✡) Increase in Nativism because of lack on English and skills. Progressives like Jane Addams make settlement houses. Public Education became about citizenship/.

1920-1960 WW’s

• 1st Red Scare- Fear of Immigrants starting Communism in the US. Radical immigrants deported.

• Great Migration- African American migrate north to escape racism and to find jobs.

• Immigration Quota Acts- Based on National Origins, prioritized NW Europe.

• Sacco and Vanzetti Trial- Immigrants convicted of robbery and murder. Defenders said it was nativism.

1960-Present

• Internal Migration to Sunbelt

• 1960’s National Origins Quota changed to encourage immigrants from developing world, no longer favoring white people. 1965 prioritized skilled immigrants and refugees. 1990 Lifted restrictions on homosexual immigrants.

State Origins

Sources📚💻📜

Wars

https://washingtonlee.apsva.us/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/08/war_causes_and_effects.docx