APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Upper extremity

Scapula

In order to determine if your looking at the right or left scapula, you should:

• Face the glenoid fossa/cavity laterally

• Determine if your viewing it from anterior or posterior view

Acromion Process → most lateral tip of the shoulder

Coracoid process → muscle attachment for the bicep and pectoral

Superior angle → top of the scapula

Inferior angle → bottom of the scapula

Axillary border → lateral, arm pit

Vertebral border → medial border, towards the spine

Glenoid Cavity → where the head of the humerus articulates

Supraspinous fossa → above the spine (contains the supraspinatus muscle)

Infraspinous fossa → below the spine (contains the infraspinatus muscle)

Subscapular fossa → beneath the scapula

clavicle

Sternal end → more round and bulky, contains the SC joint

Acromial end → more flat near the AC joint

Humerus

Head → articulates with glenoid fossa to form ball and socket joint

Anatomical neck

Surgical neck

Greater tubercle → opposite side of the head

Lesser tubercle → anterior and smaller than the greater tubercle

Intertubercular groove → between the greater and lesser tubercle

Deltoid tuberosity → attachment for deltoid muscle

Medial epicondyle → above the condyle

Lateral epicondyle → very small , attachment point for hand muscles

Trochlea → forms elbow joint with the ulna

Capitulum → articulation point for the radius

Olecranon fossa → articulates with the olecranon of ulna

Radius and ulna

Ulna → articulates with the humerus to form the elbow

Head of the ulna → head is inferior not superior

Styloid process of ulna

Olecranon process → the very tip/point of your elbow, articulates with the olecranon fossa on posterior humerus

Trochlear notch → articulates around trochlea of humerus

Radius → attached to the thumb side of the forearm

Head of radius

Neck of radius → distal to head

Radial tuberosity

Radial styloid process

Radius is always lateral white the ulna is medial in anatomical position

Carpal bones

8 bones in total

• Scaphoid (navicular)

• Lunate

• Triquetrum

• Pisiform

• Trapezium

• Trapezoid

• Capitate

• Hamate

Metacarpals

Base → closest to the carpals

Body → between the base and the head

Head → closest to the phalanges

Phalanges

Actual finger bones

• Proximal phalanx ( attached to the metacarpals )

• Middle phalanx

• Distal phalanx ( tip of finger )