Water

Water molecule

A molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H₂O), essential to all life.

Polarity

A property of a molecule that has an uneven distribution of charges, resulting in a partial positive and negative charge.

Intermolecular force

A strong attractive force found between two molecules.

London forces

The most common form of intermolecular bond found between all atoms and molecules, They are the only way to hold non-polar molecules together

Dipole-dipole forces

Intermolecular forces found between polar molecules where positive and negative areas attract each other.

Hydrogen bond

A strong type of dipole-dipole force that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like N, O, or F.

Van der Waals forces

Collectively refers to London forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds.

Hydrophilic

Having a liking for water; describes polar molecules and ionic substances that dissolve in water.

Hydrophobic

Having a dislike for water; describes non-polar molecules that do not easily dissolve in water.

Miscible liquid

A liquid that dissolves into another liquid.

Immiscible liquid

A liquid that forms a separate layer instead of dissolving into another liquid.

Like dissolves like

A principle stating that polar solutions will dissolve into other polar solutions, and non-polar solutions will dissolve into other non-polar solutions.