Police Chapter 3

Organization of PD Important Parts

1. Division of Labor

2. Managerial Defs

3. Leadership

4. Organizational Model or Structure

5. Chain of Command

6. Span of Control

7. Delegation of Responsibility + Authority

8. Unity of Command

9. Rules + Reg

10. Discipline

Organization

A deliberate arrangement of ppl doing specific jobs, following particular procedures to accomplish a set of goals det by some authority

Large # of specialists cooperating to achieve some announced specific objective

Bureaucracy

An organizational model marked by hierarchy, promotion on professional merit + skill, the dev of a career service, reliance on the use of rules + reg, the impersonality of relationships, among career profs in the bureaucracy with their clientele

Characterized by hierarchy of authority, specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules

5 Classic Features of Bureaucracy

1. Hierarchy

2. Promoting based on prof merit + skill

3. Dev of a career service

4. Reliance on + use of rules + reg

5. Impersonality of relationships among career profs in the bureaucracy + with their new clientele

Management

The process of running an organization can accomplish its goals

PODSCORB

Acronym for the basic function of management

Planning

Organization

Direction

Staffing

Coordinating

Reporting

Budgeting

Leadership

The ability of an indiv to act as a leader, or someone that influences + develops an indiv or a group to accomplish a common purpose or goal

A leader sets the tone for what is to be accomplished

Ethical Leadership

Demonstrates integrity on a daily basis in every decision made

Must have credibility, honesty, fairness, loyalty, fairness

Quasi-Military Organization

An organization similar to the military along structures of strict authority + report relations

Taylor’s 4 Scientific Management Principles

1. Replace working by “rule of thumb” or simple habit + common sense, instead use the scientific method to study work + det the most efficient way to perform a task

2. Rather than simply assign workers to just any job, match workers to their jobs based on capability + motivation, + train them to work at max efficiency

3. Monitor workers performance + provide instructions + supervision to ensure that theyre using the most efficient ways of working

4. Allocate the work between managers + workers to that the managers spend their time planning + training, allow the worker to perform their task efficiently

Chain of Command

Managerial concept stating that each indiv in an organization is supervised by + reports to only 1 immediate supervisor

Aka hierarchy of authority

Est. definitive lines of authority + channels of communication

Span of Control

The # of officers or subordinates a supervisor can supervise effectively

Unity of Command

A managerial concept that specifies each indiv in an organization is directly accountable to only 1 supervisor

Shared Leadership

Power sharing arrangement in which workplace influence is shared among indivs who are otherwise hierarchal unequals

Shared Leadership Steps to Ensure Success

1. The work team resolves diff to reach agreement

2. Work distributed properly top take adv of each team member’s unique skills

3. Info about company + its strat shared

4. Teamwork promoted with team itself

5. Team works together to identify opportunities to improve productivity + efficiency

Civil Service System

A method of hiring + managing gov employees thats designed to eliminate political influence, favoritism, nepotism, + bias

Large # of gov employees at fed, state, local level covered by CSS

Impacts hiring, promos, + disciplinary actions

Merit System

Pendleton Act

A fed law passed in 1838 to est a civil service system to test, appoint, + promote officers on a merit system

Probable Cause

A series of facts that would indicate to a reasonable person that a crime is being committed or was committed + that a certain person is committing or did commit it

Sworn Members

Police employees given traditional police power by state + local laws, including penal or crim laws + crime procedure laws

Authority from gov (Constitution + State Law)

Power to arrest with probable cause

Nonsworn (Civilian) Members

Police employees without traditional police powers generally assigned to noncritical or nonenforcement tasks

Squad

A group of officers who generally work together all the time under the supervision of a certain segment

Platoon

All of the ppl working on a particular tour or shift

Civilianization

The process of removing sworn officers from noncritical or nonenforcement tasks + replacing them with civilians or nonsworn employees

Community Service Officers (CSO)

Entry level police employees without general law enforcement powers, as suggested by Pres’s Commission on Law Enforcement + Admin of Justice

Reserve Officers

Either part time compensated or noncompensated sworn police employees who serve when needed

Lateral Transfers

Lateral movement; The ability + chance to transfer from 1 PD to another

Blue Flu

Informal job actions by officers in which they call ins sick and/or refuse to perform certain job functions in an attempt to win labor concessions from their employers

Beat

The smallest geographical area an indiv officer can patrol

Precinct/District/Station

The entire collection of beats in a given geographic area

The organizational hq of PD

PD Organizational Goal

Order + Maintenance

But not consistent with vision of police !

Line (Operations)

Everyone in the field

Staff (Support)

Everyone at base supporting line ppl

Tasks determined according to what?

1. Personnel

2. Area

3. Time

4. Function

Compulsory Binding Arbitration

A private proceeding used to settle disagreements between 2 parties

Used by 2/3 of states for public employees

Used to make police unions

Rank Structure Order

1. Officer

2. Corporal

3. Sergeant/Detective/Investigator

4. Lieutenant

5. Capt/Major

6. Commander/Inspector

7. Deputy Chief/Lt. Colenel

8. Chief/Director/Commissioner

Police Work

99% boredom punctated by 1% sheer terror

But cops want major disorder → not minor

Good Shoot

Wont get in trouble

Ex. Shooting a shooter

Bad Shoot

Will get in trouble

Ex. Shooting someone without a weapon

Terry

SCOTUS case where cop thought 3 ppl were sus + searched them even tho he knew he didnt have probable cause

Found gun from search + arrested

Evidence inadmissable without probable cause

When can citizens arrest

Only if a felony has been committed in their precense

Probable Cause

Req for police to arrest when crime was not committed in their precense

Also need to search

Reseaonable Suspicion

Came to be bc of Terry case since cop pat him down without probable cause fearing his life

You can do a pat down search with reasonable suspicion of a weapon

At Will Employees

In states without unions

Completely at will of employer

Ex. Fired if you wear white shoes