PHYSICS

Electroscope

Electroscope

________- is a device that detects the presence of electric charges on objects.

Electromotive force

________- is the total voltage induces by the source.

Ammeter

________- measures the electric current in a circuit.

Electrical power

________- is directly related to the amount of current and voltage within a system, is measured in watts.

Charles Coulomb

________- first described electric field strengths in the 1780's.

Dielectric

________- The insulating layer between capacitors plates.

Electrical Circuit

________- A system of conductors and components forming a complete path for current to trave.

Resistance

________- is the opposition a material offers to current.

Electricity

________- Movement of electrons, invisible force that provides light, heat, sound, motion.

Potential difference

________- is defined as the amount of energy used by one coulomb of charge in moving from one point to the other.

Voltage

________- which is also known as electromotive force (emf) or potential difference (PD) is the electric pressure that causes current to flow, unit is joule per coulomb, which is called ________ (V)

Nucleus

________- The center portion of an atom containing the protons and neutrons.

Insulators

________- Electron flow is difficult between atoms, 5- 8 valence electrons in outer orbit.

Neutrons

________- Uncharged atomic particle.

Multimeter

________- An instrument used to measure the properties of an electrical circuit.

Protons

________- Positively charged atomic particles.

Conventional Current

________- assumes that current flows out of the positive side of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the negative side of the battery.

Voltmeter

________- is an instrument that measures the difference in electrical potential between two points in an electric circuit.

epsilon

It is measured in volts and represented by the symbol ε (________)

Capacitor

________- device where the energy of a charged particle can be stored in, is a device which is used to store electrical charge.

Greater electrical pressure

________ or emf- will increase the current flowing through a conductor, This is true only if the conductor is made of the same material, of the same length, of the same diameter, and if the temperature remains constant.

negative side

The electrons flow out of the ________ of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the positive side of the battery.

Atoms

________- Smallest piece of an element containing all of the properties of that element.

Protection device

________- it interrupts the circuit in case of malfunction (fuse, circuit breaker.

Series Circuits

________- Components are connected end- to- end, there is only a single path for current to flow.

Analog

________ voltmeter- voltmeter that has a pointer that moves across a scale in proportion to the circuits voltage.

parallel arrangements

Combination Circuits- Contain both series and ________.

Electron Orbitals

________- Orbits in which electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.

Cylindrical capacitor

________- consists of two concentric, conducting cylinders.

Elements

________- The simplest form of matter.

Control device

________ or switch- opens or closes the circuit.

Carl Friedrich Gauss

________- (1777- 1855) one of the Greatest mathematicians of ALL time, formulated the gauss law.

Dielectric

________- is a nonconducting material that, when placed between the plates of a capacitor, increases the capacitance.

Voltage

________- The force (pressure) that causes current to flow, measured in ________ (V)

Resistance

________- The opposition of current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω)

CAPACITANCE

________- The measure of the extent to which a(n) ________ can store charge, it describes how much charge an arrangement of conductors can hold for a given voltage applied.

volts

It is measured in ________ and represented by the symbol V.

Resistor

________- is an electrical device that resists current, and the difference between ohmic and non- ohmic ________ relates to how the resistor reacts to different types of current that pass through it.

Electricity

Movement of electrons, invisible force that provides light, heat, sound, motion

Elements

The simplest form of matter

Atoms

Smallest piece of an element containing all of the properties of that element

Nucleus

The center portion of an atom containing the protons and neutrons

Protons

Positively charged atomic particles

Neutrons

Uncharged atomic particle

atomic number

is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Electron

Negatively charged particles

Electron Orbitals

Orbits in which electrons move around the nucleus of an atom

Valence Electrons

The outermost ring of electrons in an atom

Conductors

Electrons flow easily between atom, 1-3 valence electrons in outer orbit

Insulators

Electron flow is difficult between atoms, 5-8 valence electrons in outer orbit

Electrical Circuit

A system of conductors and components forming a complete path for current to trave

Current

The flow of electric charge

Conventional Current

assumes that current flows out of the positive side of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the negative side of the battery

Electron Flow

is what actually happens

Voltage

The force (pressure) that causes current to flow, measured in VOLTS (V)

Resistance

The opposition of current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω)

Multimeter

An instrument used to measure the properties of an electrical circuit

V(Voltage/volts)

I(current/amperes) multiply to R(resistance/ohms)

I(current/amperes)

V(Voltage/volts) divided by R(resistance/ohms)

R(resistance/ohms)

V(Voltage/volts) divided by I(current/amperes)

Series Circuits

Components are connected end-to-end, there is only a single path for current to flow

Parallel Circuits

Both ends of the components are connected together, there are multiple paths for current to flow

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)

The sum of all of the voltage drops in a series circuit equals the total applied voltage

Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

The total current in a parallel circuit equals the sum of the individual branch currents

Series Circuits

A circuit that contains only one path for current flow

Parallel Circuits

A circuit that contains more than one path for current flow

Combination Circuits

Contain both series and parallel arrangements

Electrical power

is directly related to the amount of current and voltage within a system, is measured in watts

Positively charge

A material is a positive charge if it lacks electrons

Negatively charge

When a material gains electrons, it becomes negatively charge due to excess number of electrons

electroscope

is a device that detects the presence of electric charges on objects

Charles Coulomb

first described electric field strengths in the 1780's

Electric flux

The total number of electric field lines passing a given area in a unit time, is the amount of electric field penetrating a surface area

Electric Flux

it is the product of the electric field and the area of the surface

Carl Friedrich Gauss

(1777-1855) one of the Greatest mathematicians of ALL time, formulated the gauss law

GAUSS'S LAW

Stipulates that When We Consider A Completely Closed Surface Around An electric Charge, the total electric flux through that Surface is only proportional to the Strength of that Charge; it is independent of the Shape and Size of the Surface And the exact position and distribution of the electric Charge inside that Surface

GAUSS'S LAW

States that the total electric flux through any closed surface (a surface enclosing a definite volume) is proportional to the total (net) electric charge inside the surface

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

It is the energy that is needed to move an electric charge against an electric field

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

It is the amount of work needed to move an electric charge from its reference point to specific point on electric field

capacitor

device where the energy of a charged particle can be stored in, is a device which is used to store electrical charge

CAPACITANCE

The measure of the extent to which a capacitor can store charge, it describes how much charge an arrangement of conductors can hold for a given voltage applied

dielectric

The insulating layer between capacitors plates

parallel plate capacitor

arrangement of two parallel plates of area A is being stored with charges Q and -Q on opposite plates using a battery of given potential difference

cylindrical capacitor

consists of two concentric, conducting cylinders

spherical capacitor

is formed by two concentric conducting spheres

dielectric

is a nonconducting material that, when placed between the plates of a capacitor, increases the capacitance

Resistance

is the opposition a material offers to current

resistor

is an electrical device that resists current, and the difference between ohmic and non-ohmic resistors relates to how the resistor reacts to different types of current that pass through it

greater electrical pressure or emf

will increase the current flowing through a conductor, This is true only if the conductor is made of the same material, of the same length, of the same diameter, and if the temperature remains constant

Law of lengths

The current flowing through a wire will be reduced if the wire were made longer, using the same power source

Law of Diameters

The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to the square of its diameter or its cross-sectional area

Law of Nature of the Material

Wires of different materials offer different amounts of resistance

Law of temperatures

All substances whether metal or non metal, register a change in electrical resistance as the temperature changes

Voltage

which is also known as electromotive force (emf) or potential difference (PD) is the electric pressure that causes current to flow, unit is joule per coulomb, which is called volts (V)

potential difference

is defined as the amount of energy used by one coulomb of charge in moving from one point to the other

electromotive force

is the total voltage induces by the source

Load

It is a device that converts elevtrical energy into some useful form (electric motor, light bulb)

Control device or switch

opens or closes the circuit

Protection device

it interrupts the circuit in case of malfunction (fuse, circuit breaker

series circuit

in this circuit, there is only one path for current to flow