________- is a device that detects the presence of electric charges on objects.
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Electromotive force
________- is the total voltage induces by the source.
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Ammeter
________- measures the electric current in a circuit.
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Electrical power
________- is directly related to the amount of current and voltage within a system, is measured in watts.
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Charles Coulomb
________- first described electric field strengths in the 1780's.
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Dielectric
________- The insulating layer between capacitors plates.
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Electrical Circuit
________- A system of conductors and components forming a complete path for current to trave.
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Resistance
________- is the opposition a material offers to current.
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Electricity
________- Movement of electrons, invisible force that provides light, heat, sound, motion.
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Potential difference
________- is defined as the amount of energy used by one coulomb of charge in moving from one point to the other.
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Voltage
________- which is also known as electromotive force (emf) or potential difference (PD) is the electric pressure that causes current to flow, unit is joule per coulomb, which is called ________ (V)
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Nucleus
________- The center portion of an atom containing the protons and neutrons.
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Insulators
________- Electron flow is difficult between atoms, 5- 8 valence electrons in outer orbit.
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Neutrons
________- Uncharged atomic particle.
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Multimeter
________- An instrument used to measure the properties of an electrical circuit.
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Protons
________- Positively charged atomic particles.
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Conventional Current
________- assumes that current flows out of the positive side of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the negative side of the battery.
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Voltmeter
________- is an instrument that measures the difference in electrical potential between two points in an electric circuit.
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epsilon
It is measured in volts and represented by the symbol ε (________)
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Capacitor
________- device where the energy of a charged particle can be stored in, is a device which is used to store electrical charge.
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Greater electrical pressure
________ or emf- will increase the current flowing through a conductor, This is true only if the conductor is made of the same material, of the same length, of the same diameter, and if the temperature remains constant.
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negative side
The electrons flow out of the ________ of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the positive side of the battery.
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Atoms
________- Smallest piece of an element containing all of the properties of that element.
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Protection device
________- it interrupts the circuit in case of malfunction (fuse, circuit breaker.
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Series Circuits
________- Components are connected end- to- end, there is only a single path for current to flow.
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Analog
________ voltmeter- voltmeter that has a pointer that moves across a scale in proportion to the circuits voltage.
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parallel arrangements
Combination Circuits- Contain both series and ________.
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Electron Orbitals
________- Orbits in which electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
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Cylindrical capacitor
________- consists of two concentric, conducting cylinders.
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Elements
________- The simplest form of matter.
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Control device
________ or switch- opens or closes the circuit.
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
________- (1777- 1855) one of the Greatest mathematicians of ALL time, formulated the gauss law.
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Dielectric
________- is a nonconducting material that, when placed between the plates of a capacitor, increases the capacitance.
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Voltage
________- The force (pressure) that causes current to flow, measured in ________ (V)
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Resistance
________- The opposition of current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω)
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CAPACITANCE
________- The measure of the extent to which a(n) ________ can store charge, it describes how much charge an arrangement of conductors can hold for a given voltage applied.
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volts
It is measured in ________ and represented by the symbol V.
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Resistor
________- is an electrical device that resists current, and the difference between ohmic and non- ohmic ________ relates to how the resistor reacts to different types of current that pass through it.
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Electricity
Movement of electrons, invisible force that provides light, heat, sound, motion
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Elements
The simplest form of matter
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Atoms
Smallest piece of an element containing all of the properties of that element
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Nucleus
The center portion of an atom containing the protons and neutrons
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Protons
Positively charged atomic particles
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Neutrons
Uncharged atomic particle
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atomic number
is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Electron
Negatively charged particles
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Electron Orbitals
Orbits in which electrons move around the nucleus of an atom
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Valence Electrons
The outermost ring of electrons in an atom
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Conductors
Electrons flow easily between atom, 1-3 valence electrons in outer orbit
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Insulators
Electron flow is difficult between atoms, 5-8 valence electrons in outer orbit
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Electrical Circuit
A system of conductors and components forming a complete path for current to trave
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Current
The flow of electric charge
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Conventional Current
assumes that current flows out of the positive side of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the negative side of the battery
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Electron Flow
is what actually happens
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Voltage
The force (pressure) that causes current to flow, measured in VOLTS (V)
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Resistance
The opposition of current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω)
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Multimeter
An instrument used to measure the properties of an electrical circuit
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V(Voltage/volts)
I(current/amperes) multiply to R(resistance/ohms)
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I(current/amperes)
V(Voltage/volts) divided by R(resistance/ohms)
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R(resistance/ohms)
V(Voltage/volts) divided by I(current/amperes)
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Series Circuits
Components are connected end-to-end, there is only a single path for current to flow
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Parallel Circuits
Both ends of the components are connected together, there are multiple paths for current to flow
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Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)
The sum of all of the voltage drops in a series circuit equals the total applied voltage
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Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)
The total current in a parallel circuit equals the sum of the individual branch currents
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Series Circuits
A circuit that contains only one path for current flow
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Parallel Circuits
A circuit that contains more than one path for current flow
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Combination Circuits
Contain both series and parallel arrangements
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Electrical power
is directly related to the amount of current and voltage within a system, is measured in watts
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Positively charge
A material is a positive charge if it lacks electrons
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Negatively charge
When a material gains electrons, it becomes negatively charge due to excess number of electrons
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electroscope
is a device that detects the presence of electric charges on objects
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Charles Coulomb
first described electric field strengths in the 1780's
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Electric flux
The total number of electric field lines passing a given area in a unit time, is the amount of electric field penetrating a surface area
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Electric Flux
it is the product of the electric field and the area of the surface
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
(1777-1855) one of the Greatest mathematicians of ALL time, formulated the gauss law
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GAUSS'S LAW
Stipulates that When We Consider A Completely Closed Surface Around An electric Charge, the total electric flux through that Surface is only proportional to the Strength of that Charge; it is independent of the Shape and Size of the Surface And the exact position and distribution of the electric Charge inside that Surface
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GAUSS'S LAW
States that the total electric flux through any closed surface (a surface enclosing a definite volume) is proportional to the total (net) electric charge inside the surface
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ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
It is the energy that is needed to move an electric charge against an electric field
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ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
It is the amount of work needed to move an electric charge from its reference point to specific point on electric field
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capacitor
device where the energy of a charged particle can be stored in, is a device which is used to store electrical charge
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CAPACITANCE
The measure of the extent to which a capacitor can store charge, it describes how much charge an arrangement of conductors can hold for a given voltage applied
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dielectric
The insulating layer between capacitors plates
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parallel plate capacitor
arrangement of two parallel plates of area A is being stored with charges Q and -Q on opposite plates using a battery of given potential difference
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cylindrical capacitor
consists of two concentric, conducting cylinders
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spherical capacitor
is formed by two concentric conducting spheres
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dielectric
is a nonconducting material that, when placed between the plates of a capacitor, increases the capacitance
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Resistance
is the opposition a material offers to current
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resistor
is an electrical device that resists current, and the difference between ohmic and non-ohmic resistors relates to how the resistor reacts to different types of current that pass through it
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greater electrical pressure or emf
will increase the current flowing through a conductor, This is true only if the conductor is made of the same material, of the same length, of the same diameter, and if the temperature remains constant
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Law of lengths
The current flowing through a wire will be reduced if the wire were made longer, using the same power source
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Law of Diameters
The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to the square of its diameter or its cross-sectional area
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Law of Nature of the Material
Wires of different materials offer different amounts of resistance
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Law of temperatures
All substances whether metal or non metal, register a change in electrical resistance as the temperature changes
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Voltage
which is also known as electromotive force (emf) or potential difference (PD) is the electric pressure that causes current to flow, unit is joule per coulomb, which is called volts (V)
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potential difference
is defined as the amount of energy used by one coulomb of charge in moving from one point to the other
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electromotive force
is the total voltage induces by the source
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Load
It is a device that converts elevtrical energy into some useful form (electric motor, light bulb)
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Control device or switch
opens or closes the circuit
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Protection device
it interrupts the circuit in case of malfunction (fuse, circuit breaker
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series circuit
in this circuit, there is only one path for current to flow