pastoral counseling exam 2

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Last updated 3:42 AM on 4/6/23
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52 Terms

1
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What are the 3 points of culture is crises?
a culture of relativism

a culture of shallowness

a culture of selective or misinformation
2
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what is the reality of our culture according to the SSA lecture?
a growing acceptance of SS unions and adoption

regular teaching in public school of the LGBTQIA+ agenda

negligible attention of the medical/psychiatric dangers of the lifestyle

despite no evidence of a gay gene, there is an agenda in America to promote this myth

media

education

corporate

judicial/legislative
3
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what are the common characteristics found in both SS males and females
father conflicts

anger against Judeo-Christian values

issues surrounding authority

poor body image

peer rejection

SA

issues of trust

issues surrounding attachment
4
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promiscuity
86% of all newly reported cases of HIV/AIDS came from men who had claimed to be in “committed, monogamous” relationships
5
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hedonism
averaged 20 different sexual partners, a month.
6
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domestic violence
7
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high risk behaviors
unprotected sex, spontaneous sex, multiple sex partners
8
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attraction
inherently flexible. women demonstrate greater initial receptivity in SS relationships than men
9
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experimentation
SS experimentation is an established statistical reality among people regardless of ethnicity, classicism, or geographic region
10
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orientation
sexual orientation has been found to be unstable over time in both males and females
11
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established tendencies of persons with SSA orientation
unwilling to receive the truth about sexual morality

a given experience may experience strong physical and sexual attractions to persons of the SS

harbor excessive anger toward the Church’s teachings on sexual morality

refuse to accept scriptures toward Biblical lifestyle
12
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results of successful therapy: the rule of 3rd’s
200 people study = sustained change of orientation for 5+ years

61% of males, 44% of females satisfied the criteria for healthy hetero functioning.

a spiritual component part was a part of the recovery process

1/3 find full healing and have families/marry

1/3 may not develop an attraction to the opposite sex, but diminish

1/3 may struggle w SSA; they learn not to act and live happy/chaste lives
13
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what are the goals of counseling in an SSA environment
build trust

establish physical health concerns

discover history of sexual activity

be exceptionally aware of boundaries, transference, and counter - transference dynamics

identify and work to resolve the emotional pain which causes SSA

uncover sadness, anger, weakened confidence, mistrust, poor body image, narcissism

uncover/resolve anger
14
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image of women’s lecture
image of God - is best understood as how one might imagine something. to be made ‘in the image of God’ is to understood our personhood by our way of ‘potentiality’
15
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likeness of women’s lecture
likeness of God - is best understood as personhood in its ultimate state. to be made in the likeness of God is to view oneself by way of our actuality; that is, our completed or fully sanctified state, lacking nothing.
16
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initial thoughts on the woman’s fall
a failure to include the reality of evil as part of everyday life

an inability to recognize or accept that she already was “like God”

distraction because of attraction

an inability to recognize evil when it presented itself

forgetfulness in regard to God’s OG command

willfulness

not caring how her decision will affect Adam

failure to account for the principle of sustainability
17
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common issues for women as seen in SoS 1
a deep desire to be deeply loved

a definite awareness and arousal of all the sense

a combination of the above 2 ‘cautions’ possibly creates: her increasing desire to be chosen by a lover and an insatiable desire to be taken (away) by a lover

an awareness that other women tempt (come on to) the object of her affections; other women seek/play for his attention

a comparative thinking orientation leads to tendency to discount her physical appearance

the sum result of the above results in a confusion over her own self worth

the fierce reality that women talk about other women

unresolved family of origin issues
18
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some of women’s (and Men’s) biggest lies
i am not as good as: comparative thinking

i can’t help it, this is the way i am: resignation

physical beauty matters more than anything: shallow mindedness

i must have a husband to be happy: relational enmeshment

i have to be a professional success: carnal ambition

if i feel something it must be true: emotional deception

if my circumstances were different, i would, too: wishful thinking

my circumstances will never charge: catastrophasizing

it’s all about me: self-centeredness
19
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promises for Women (SoS 1:7)
security is found in part knowing ‘where’ her lover is taking her

there is a purpose in the relational journey

there is a promise of assurance for a safe relationship

a woman’s lover has a preoccupation in her beauty that uniquely belongs to her

jointly, the man and the woman share in telling 1 another how special the other is
20
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6 biblical stages of womanhood
the creational woman

young woman

nurturing woman

industrious woman

wounded woman

renewed woman
21
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the creational woman
self-aware, too much? an awareness makes women \[more\]

\-must learn to trust God with inadequacies
22
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young woman
beauty and attention

\-insecurity, poor decision making, failure to follow spiritual authority

\-in spite of how it’s attained or used in relationship or even still…the consequence that could follow
23
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nurturing woman
must recognize her own own beauty healthfully

be fruitful and multiply

at the end of this part of a woman’s journey there will be odd
24
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industrious woman
celebrates giftings and abilities from God

* needs to discover areas where her abilites
25
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the wounded woman
normative stage of life; it can happen anytime

* remember not abandoned by God
* widow = one bounded in pain
* seen heavily in Scripture
* young women = no resources
* good girl = ditzy and guilt = emotion of choice
26
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renewed woman
self actualized, integrated, maturity with responsibility

proverbs 31 woman
27
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important beginning biblical truths
the bible affirms the existence of demons

the bible is clear that JC has fully defeated Satan and his tactics

the demonic realm has been defeated by the blood of the Lamb, the bold witness of the saints, and a fearlessness in the face of death

engaging the demonic was difficult for the disciples, at least on one occasion and therefore Christians today need to be made most aware of this physical and spiritual reality
28
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demon possession
demon having complete/direct control over the thoughts/actions of a person
29
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demonic oppression
involves a demon/demons attacking a person spiritually, emotionally, and/or encouraging a person to engage in sinful behavior. luke’s account of ananias and saphira in acts 5 could be classified as this type of oppression
30
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salvation
sozo

\-to save one as in from disease or ongoing or continuous malady. also, to preserve
31
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10 common areas of demonic activity
emotions

beliefs

mouth

sex

lusts

occult

false religions, philosophies, teaching

and and all heresies

physical bodies

generational alliances
32
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possible signs of demonic activity
involvement in the Occult

disobedience to God’s word

family occult background

prenatal influences

early childhood trauma

habitual sin

generational lines and influences

ongoing/repeated sin

trauma, accidents (unprocessed; yet to be free)

curses

addictions

“making friends” with fears or past pain

overt or regular tiredness or fatigue

unforgiveness

sexual sin
33
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case study of matthew 12: 43-44
an individual was possessed by a demon

the man (house) was unattended

the exorcised demon tried to return

the demonic presence bring with it additional help

if after any deliverance ministry the “new” house or person does not receive proper discipleship; things will be much worse
34
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3 contemporary portraits
Christians that are fruitfully inconsistent = more thorns than grapes

Christians that are spiritually proud = more talk than walk

Christians that are scripturally selective = more head than heart
35
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chemistry: opportunity
enemy is an oppotunist
36
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deception
enemy lies
37
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culture of suspicion
enemy works in the shadows
38
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law of attraction
enemy offers superficiality
39
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activation
enemy promotes self-indulgence
40
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enlistment
enemy leaves us “holding on empty bag full of guilt and shame”
41
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men and counseling
men are less likely to seek out counseling than women

when men do go to counseling it is usually because it has come at the request of another

in the early stages of counseling men will promise the moon, however, promises are short lived
42
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the tournament male: characteristics
competitive breeding rights: need to be right or ‘win’ at all costs

polygamous: need for ‘freedom’ that is interpreted as an inability to make and keep commitments

hierarchal communal system: need to be in control (control issues)

low investment in the young: a species marked by extreme selfishness and the corresponding realty of not willing to care for the young (Father issues)
43
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adam’s fall: diagnosing men’s biblical roots for their problems with women
underestimation of a hard day’s work

passivity

lack of discernment

* exercise greater faith

an inability to follow God’s directions

a greater desire to please woman and a lesser desire to be obedient to God

an unwillingness to take personal responsibility for errant decision making
44
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biblical concerns (daniel 1)
disdain or deep dislike over being controlled

fear of not being chosen

concern over physical appearance

concern over aging

intellectual insecurities

poor judgment

a tendency to be lazy

fear of not being able to complete or finish a task

loss of identity
45
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biblical promises to men (daniel 1)
first, daniel determined in his mind to be different

received favor from people in authority

daniel became an “idea guy”

daniel was willing to be tested

daniel became successful

daniel developed proven natural talents

daniel developed spiritual abilities
46
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BB’s 3 words
pastoral care

broken

childhood sexual abuse
47
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childhood sexual abuse definitions
sexual talk: around a child even if not directed at them

exposure to violent media containing sexual assault

porn: introducing a child to it

physical sex acts forced on a child
48
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1900s censorship (known as the Code) was so strong what 2 things couldn’t be shown that BB mentioned?
belly button

husband and wife in same bed
49
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men don’t get raped or have chinks in their armor, so what do they do?
build emotional walls to cope and don’t let people in for years
50
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what are the results of childhood SA in boys?
guilt

shame

humiliation

self-hate

anger
51
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polarized reaction: internalized
anger turned on self

sense of perfectionism to correct your damaged goods/self

workaholic
52
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polarized reaction: externalized
anger turned on others

alcohol

drugs

trouble holding jobs

Explore top notes

Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
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