Organism
A living thing
Photosynthesis
Production of glucose and oxygen by plants
Joule (or calorie)
A unit for measuring energy
Food chain
A way of showing feeding relationships
Energy flow
A way of showing where energy is transferred
Producer
The first organism in a food chain, a plant
Primary consumer
The second organism in a food chain, eats the producer
Secondary consumer
The third organism in a food chain, eats the primary consumer
Tertiary consumer
The fourth organism in a food chain, eats the secondary consumer
Food web
Shows all the feeding relationships in a certain area
Sustainable
Minimal negative impact on the environment
Detritivores
Organisms that eat dead waste to cycle it into nutrients for plants
Nutrients
Food molecules that are needed for life and growth
Daily value
The amount of nutrient that is needed per day
Indicators
Used to show if a certain substance is present or absent
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are for building and energy
Proteins
Proteins are for building, because cells are built out of proteins
Lipids
Lipids are fat and they’re used for energy
Vitamins
Vitamins we also need in small amounts and to keep us healthy
Minerals
Minerals we only need in small amounts and help to keep us healthy. Examples are calcium for strong bones and iron for your red blood cells.
Water
Water is important for transport, cooling down and removing waste from your body
Fibres
Fibre cannot be broken down in your body. It helps your food move through your digestive system
Digestion
The process of breaking down food in your body
Enzymes
Molecules that help break down large food molecules into small ones
Carnivore
An animal that only eats meat
Herbivore
An animal that only eats plants
Omnivore
An animal that only eats meats and plants
Egestion
The process of removing waste products (pooping)
Digestive system
A system that works together on the breaking down and absorbing nutrients
Ingestion
When food is put into your mouth
Incisors
Small sharp teeth at the front of your mouth, used for biting and slicing
Canines
Sharpy point teeth at the front of the mouth, used for gripping and ripping
Molars
Large flat teeth at the top of the mouth, used for grinding and mixing
Oesophagus
The tube that connects the stomach to the mouth
Stomach
A bag-like organ that collects the food and helps with digestion
Large intestine
A long tube in your digestive system that absorbs many nutrients in your food
Small intestine
A long tube in your digestive system that breaks down many nutrients in your food
Faeces
The scientific word for poop
Combustion
The process of burning a substance to release energy
Aerobic respiration
Combustion with the aid of oxygen
Anaerobic respiration
Combustion that occurs without oxygen, which produces lactic acid
Oxygen debt
The shortage of oxygen that occurs when your body needs to break down lactic acid
Fermentation
A form of anaerobic respiration that produces alcohol
Complete combustion
Combustion where the fuel is burned completely
Incomplete combustion
Combustion that happens when there is not enough oxygen or heat, causing additional substances to form
Fire triangle
The fire triangle is an easily understandable model that explains the ingredients required for combustion.