Health
Physical health, Mental health, Spiritual health, Emotional health, Social health
Wellness
A positive, balanced state of physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual (plus environmental/ vocational) health.
Illness
Nonphysical ailments are often seen as less serious than physical ailments
Case studies
a detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of an individual patient or research subject
Case series
Combined reports of several patients with like diagnoses, treatments, or follow-ups, slightly more valid because they contain multiple people
Observational studies
looking at what medical conditions occur without any intervention
can provide important health information when large groups are studied with the right variables
communicable disease
Transmitted from person to person or from contaminated objects to those who come in contact with them
Best prevention is hand washing
Wipe down equipment before using, use safe sex methods, avoid contact with people with communicable disease, and get vaccinated
controlled studies
One group of participants is given an experimental drug or treatment, whereas another group is given either a standard treatment for the disease or a placebo
double blind studies
Type of controlled clinical trail where neither the participants individuals nor the researchers know which participates and receives which treatment.
randomized studies
participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments
anxiety
Chronic nervousness or anxiousness
shyness/ social phobia
Being afraid of people, especially people who for some reasons are emotionally threatening, such as strangers, authority figures, and potential romantic partners
Panic disorder
Sudden attacks of terror accompanied by a pounding heart, perspiration, weakness, faintness, or dizziness
lifestyle illnesses
Disease caused by our health behaviors
mediatation
requires focusing on something repetitive or something unchanging
try several times before determining if it is a good method for you
eustress
Stress that leads to positive response
distress
Stress that leads to a negative response
PTSD
Trouble overcoming the fear associated with a traumatic event
placebo effect
thinking something will help you
Sources of Health
Advertising, internet, family and friends, newspaper and magazine articles
Motivation for human behavior
Peer pressure or influence, immediate vs long term gratification
Fight or Flight
Heart rate increases, muscles tense, start perspiring, breathing becomes rapid and shallow, increase in alertness
Suicide
a sudden worsening of school performance, such as suddenly ignoring assignments and cutting class
A fixation with death or violence, which may be expressed through poetry, doodling, and artwork or a fascination with weapons
Unhealthy peer relationships, such as a lack of freinds or sudden rejection
Communication and conflict resolution
wants vs. needs
finding a middle ground
compromise
Interventions for stress
a change in life situation starts the trip down the stress model road
The goal of stress management is to keep stress levels at an optimal level, enough to pose a challenge but no so much that it overwhelms
Eliminate unnecessary stressful life events
Psychological health
Ability to express, think, and behave appropriately relative to your emotions
Mental illness
Refers to alterations in thinking, emotions, or behaviors that produce distress and impaired function
Emotional health
an ability to express emotions and feelings appropriately
Social health
Interact well with others, have satisfying relationships, close friends and people with whom they confide
Spiritual health
A clear view of meaning and purpose in life, connections with others and with nature, peacefulness, and comfort with life choices
Tobacco Use
one of the unhealthiest of behaviors
accounts for more than 18% of deaths in United States
Higher education decreases the likelihood of smoking cigarettes
Sedentary lifestyle
Physical activity can help prevent or postpone heart disease, stroke, and other causes of early disability or death
Helps with depression and anxiety
39% of American adults are inactive
Nutrition
Many pay too little attention to what they eat
Need less fat, sugar, refined grain, sodium and saturated fat
Need more whole grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, oils, fiber, potassium, vitamin D, and calcium
Sexual Behavior
don’t be stupid and don’t get an STD
Internal Locus
You believe you can do things to improve your life
External Locus
You believe how your life turns out is a matter of luck, chance, fate or will be determined by others
Habits
Behaviors that are accepted as normal because you have been doing them for so long
Values
something in which you believe strongly as well as what you act on
competing values cause you to have to decide which one is more important
Risk Perception
Believing that a behavior is worth change because of some risk, being convinced that the risk will occur without change, being convinced that the change would avoid the risk
Culture and Family
culture in which you live may cause you to be more or less worried about health based on the values of the culture
Advertisers
serve companies, not consumer
No guarantee what they are promising is true
Small print
Internet
lots of information available
not necessarily accurate or current
many websites are trying to sell you something
Newspaper and Magazine
May not give the article enough space to completely analyze information
Articles in a professional journal can be trusted
Stages of change theory
Recognizes that people are at different stages
suggests different strategies to change health behavior
Health belief model
Weighting perceived susceptibility and perceived severity to determine whether or not you will act
Social Learning Theory
Acknowledges the relationship between the environment and the indivi
Low self esteem
How high a regard or opinion you have of yourself
Depressoin
A mood disorder in which feelings of sadness loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday life for a long period of time
Religion
a formal organized activity that involves beliefs, practices, and rituals related to a supernatural being, god, or ultimate truth
Usually describes what happens after death and guide moral behavior
Spirituality
something people define for themselves, devoid of the rules, conventions, and responsibilities of typical religions