Concepts of health 1-5

Health

Physical health, Mental health, Spiritual health, Emotional health, Social health

Wellness

A positive, balanced state of physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual (plus environmental/ vocational) health.

Illness

Nonphysical ailments are often seen as less serious than physical ailments

Case studies

a detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of an individual patient or research subject

Case series

Combined reports of several patients with like diagnoses, treatments, or follow-ups, slightly more valid because they contain multiple people

Observational studies

* looking at what medical conditions occur without any intervention
* can provide important health information when large groups are studied with the right variables

communicable disease

* Transmitted from person to person or from contaminated objects to those who come in contact with them
* Best prevention is hand washing
* Wipe down equipment before using, use safe sex methods, avoid contact with people with communicable disease, and get vaccinated

controlled studies

One group of participants is given an experimental drug or treatment, whereas another group is given either a standard treatment for the disease or a placebo

double blind studies

Type of controlled clinical trail where neither the participants individuals nor the researchers know which participates and receives which treatment.

randomized studies

* participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments

anxiety

Chronic nervousness or anxiousness

shyness/ social phobia

Being afraid of people, especially people who for some reasons are emotionally threatening, such as strangers, authority figures, and potential romantic partners

Panic disorder

Sudden attacks of terror accompanied by a pounding heart, perspiration, weakness, faintness, or dizziness

lifestyle illnesses

Disease caused by our health behaviors

mediatation

* requires focusing on something repetitive or something unchanging
* try several times before determining if it is a good method for you

eustress

Stress that leads to positive response

distress

Stress that leads to a negative response

PTSD

Trouble overcoming the fear associated with a traumatic event

placebo effect

thinking something will help you

Sources of Health

Advertising, internet, family and friends, newspaper and magazine articles

Motivation for human behavior

Peer pressure or influence, immediate vs long term gratification

Fight or Flight

Heart rate increases, muscles tense, start perspiring, breathing becomes rapid and shallow, increase in alertness

Suicide

* a sudden worsening of school performance, such as suddenly ignoring assignments and cutting class
* A fixation with death or violence, which may be expressed through poetry, doodling, and artwork or a fascination with weapons
* Unhealthy peer relationships, such as a lack of freinds or sudden rejection

Communication and conflict resolution

* wants vs. needs
* finding a middle ground
* compromise

Interventions for stress

* a change in life situation starts the trip down the stress model road
* The goal of stress management is to keep stress levels at an optimal level, enough to pose a challenge but no so much that it overwhelms
* Eliminate unnecessary stressful life events

Psychological health

Ability to express, think, and behave appropriately relative to your emotions

Mental illness

Refers to alterations in thinking, emotions, or behaviors that produce distress and impaired function

Emotional health

an ability to express emotions and feelings appropriately

Social health

Interact well with others, have satisfying relationships, close friends and people with whom they confide

Spiritual health

A clear view of meaning and purpose in life, connections with others and with nature, peacefulness, and comfort with life choices

Tobacco Use

* one of the unhealthiest of behaviors
* accounts for more than 18% of deaths in United States
* Higher education decreases the likelihood of smoking cigarettes

Sedentary lifestyle

* Physical activity can help prevent or postpone heart disease, stroke, and other causes of early disability or death
* Helps with depression and anxiety
* 39% of American adults are inactive

Nutrition

* Many pay too little attention to what they eat
* Need less fat, sugar, refined grain, sodium and saturated fat
* Need more whole grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, oils, fiber, potassium, vitamin D, and calcium

Sexual Behavior

don’t be stupid and don’t get an STD

Internal Locus

You believe you can do things to improve your life

External Locus

You believe how your life turns out is a matter of luck, chance, fate or will be determined by others

Habits

Behaviors that are accepted as normal because you have been doing them for so long

Values

* something in which you believe strongly as well as what you act on
* competing values cause you to have to decide which one is more important

Risk Perception

Believing that a behavior is worth change because of some risk, being convinced that the risk will occur without change, being convinced that the change would avoid the risk

Culture and Family

culture in which you live may cause you to be more or less worried about health based on the values of the culture

Advertisers

* serve companies, not consumer
* No guarantee what they are promising is true
* Small print

Internet

* lots of information available
* not necessarily accurate or current
* many websites are trying to sell you something

Newspaper and Magazine

* May not give the article enough space to completely analyze information
* Articles in a professional journal can be trusted

Stages of change theory

* Recognizes that people are at different stages
* suggests different strategies to change health behavior

Health belief model

Weighting perceived susceptibility and perceived severity to determine whether or not you will act

Social Learning Theory

Acknowledges the relationship between the environment and the indivi

Low self esteem

How high a regard or opinion you have of yourself

Depressoin

A mood disorder in which feelings of sadness loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday life for a long period of time

Religion

* a formal organized activity that involves beliefs, practices, and rituals related to a supernatural being, god, or ultimate truth
* Usually describes what happens after death and guide moral behavior

Spirituality

something people define for themselves, devoid of the rules, conventions, and responsibilities of typical religions