History test

Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman

The 33rd president of the United States

Satellite nations-

Countries that Stalin implemented communist government: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland.

Iron Curtain

The division of Europe between free and Communist countries.

Cold War

The conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted the other on the battlefield.

Containment

This was a policy to take measures to prevent any extension of Communist rule to other countries.

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

This agency gathered intelligence from the military and the State Department. They also performed secret operations in foreign countries.

Truman Doctrine

The U.S. policy of sending support/aid to countries trying to prevent a communist takeover.

Marshall Plan

A program under which the U.S. gave economic aid to rebuild postwar Western Europe. 16 countries (except the Soviet Union) received 13 billion in aid.

Berlin airlift

For 327 days planes took off and landed every few minutes around the clock to fly food and supplies into West Berlin due to the Soviet blockade.

North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO)-

Ten Western Europeans, the United States, and Canada joined forces to form a defensive military alliance.

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives that investigated people thought to be Communist. 

Hollywood Ten

Ten witness that were called to testify by HUAC, but refused. They argued that the hearings violated their rights of freedom of speech and assembly. They were all sent to jail. 

Blacklist

A list of people in the Hollywood film industry whom they condemned for having a Communist background. They were refused jobs because they did not cooperate HUAC. 

Alger Hiss

Former State Department official who was accused of being a communist by a communist. His court case rocked the nation and he was found guilty even though he was innocent. 

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Activists in the American Communist Party who were executed as spies. 

Joseph McCarthy

Republican senator who claimed communists were taking over the federal government. 

McCarthyism

McCarthy's style of attacking suspected Communists in the early 1950s. (The unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence.)

H-bomb

The hydrogen bomb)- This was a bomb that was an even more destructive thermonuclear weapon. 

Arms Race

An international contest between countries seeking military advantage over each other.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

(34th president of the United States)- The president after Truman, focused on keeping the lead in the arms race. 

Massive retaliation

Strategy that deterred the United States and the Soviet Union from launching a nuclear attack.

Mutually assured destruction

Policy that meant that any attack with nuclear force would destroy both countries. 

John Foster Dulles

A security of state that supported and encouraged nuclear planning. Also anti-Communist. 

Brinkmanship-

The willingness of the U.S. under President Eisenhower to go to the edge of all-out war.

Warsaw Pact

This pact linked the Soviet Union with seven Eastern European countries. 

Eisenhower Doctrine

 A warning Eisenhower issued that the United States would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country.

Nikita Khrushchev

The new soviet leader after Stalin's death. He, like Stalin, believed that communism would take over the world, but it could triumph peacefully.

Francis Gray Powers

The pilot of an American U-2 spy plane. 

U-2 incident

When Powers was captured on his mission to photograph the Soviet Union, as a result of this Khrushchev called off the summit and withdrew his invitation to Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union. 

John F. Kennedy

The 35th president he focused on the Cold War and the Space Race. 

Flexible response

The policy of using nonnuclear weapons to fight a war this was the policy John F. Kennedy adopted. 

Domino Theory-

This was a theory that proposed that one country falling to Communist influence would quickly lead to to other countries in the same fallings as well. 

Lyndon Baines Johnson-

The 36th president, he like JFK was determined to contain communism in Vietnam. 

Fidel Castro

A revolutionary leader of Cuba who openly declare himself as a Communist and accepted aid from the Soviet Union.  

Berlin Wall

A concrete wall topped with barbed wire that divided the city in two. 

Hot line

A direct phone line between the White house and the Kremlin. 

Limited Test Ban Treaty-

This treaty banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere. 

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

In this treaty the nuclear powers agreed not to sell or give nuclear weapons to any other country. 

John F. Kennedy

The 35th president he focused on the Cold War and the Space Race. 

Flexible response

The policy of using nonnuclear weapons to fight a war was the policy John F. Kennedy adopted. 

Domino Theory-

This was a theory that proposed that one country falling to Communist influence would quickly lead to other countries in the same fallings as well. 

Lyndon Baines Johnson

The 36th president, he like JFK was determined to contain communism in Vietnam. 

Fidel Castro

A revolutionary leader of Cuba who openly declared himself as a Communist and accepted aid from the Soviet Union.  

Berlin Wall

A concrete wall topped with barbed wire that divided the city in two.

Hotline

A direct phone line between the White House and the Kremlin. 

Limited Test Ban Treaty

This treaty banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere. 

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

In this treaty, the nuclear powers agreed not to sell or give nuclear weapons to any other country. 

Richard M. Nixon

37th president of the United States

Henry Kissinger

Nixon’s secretary of state

realpolitik

Nixon’s foreign policy attempted “realistic politics”

détente

Policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions

SALT I Treaty

Treaty to limit nuclear weapons

Gerald R. Ford

38th president of the United States

Jimmy Carter

39th president of the United States

Ronald Reagan

40th president of the United States

Mikhail Gorbachev

Last leader of the Soviet Union

Strategic Defense

Initiative A special defense system that was meant to keep Americans safe from enemy missiles

glasnost

Gorbachev’s policy of openness in discussing problems in the Soviet Union

perestroika

Gorbachev’s policy of reforming the economy in the Soviet Union

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty

Treaty to reduce nuclear weapons