sulfates, carbonates, tungstates, and phosphates

anhydrite

3-3.5
3 cleavage angles
blocky or tabula
higher SG than gypsum

gypsum

2 hardness
three cleavages in 4 directions
common contact twins

barite

3-3.5
rose habit
4 cleavage surfaces when not a rose
earthy, vitreous, or dull
crystals are tabular or prismatic
Higher SG than Celestine

celestine

3-3.5
adamantine, vitreous
prismatic or tabular
lower SG than barite
more often blue

calcite

2.5-3
perfect rhombohedral/conchoidal fracture
common twinning
lower SG than aragonite
Vigorous rxn with HCl

Siderite

light to dark yellow, red gray brown
high SG
Perfect rhombohedral
scratch with steel --> react with HCl

rhodochrosite

perfect rhombohedral
usually pink or red
scratch with steel --> react with HCl

Smiithsonite

perfect rhombohedral when prismatic
globular habit
vitreous
4-4.5
reniform(kidney shaped) encrustation

dolomite

3.5-4
colorless, white,, gray; tinged with yellow or brown
crystals are rhombohedrons that may have curved faces
scratch with steel --> react with HCl

aragonite

3.5-4
reacts with HCl esp. if fine grained
lacks good rhombohedral cleavage, different habit, and higher SG than calcite

malachite

massive encrusting or botryoidal
subconchoidal fracture
vivid green
pale green streak
often with azurite
react with HCl

azurite

tabular or short-prismatic
azure blue
reacts with HCl
blue streak

wolframite

perfect {010} cleavage
brown black to iron black
streak is brown to brown black
luster is submetallic

scheelite

orange or yellow/brown/orange
white streak
vitreous
elongated tetragonal dipyramids, massive, granular, columnar
UV light fluores

Apatite

hardness of 5
small hexagonal prisms
conchoidal or uneven fracture
vitreous
white streak
gray blue green, but can be any color

turquoise

5-6 hardness
fine grained and massive
turquoise blue
white or greenish streak

wavellite

radiating masses of acicular crystals
perfect to fair cleavage
pearly to vitreous
white, greenish white, green, brown, yellow