HIGH SPEED WINGS

Wing Planform - One commonality of High Speed Aircrafts

Wing Planform - Shape and Layout of the Fuselage of a fixed wing Aircraft

Swept Backwards - Common wing planforms for commercial jet transports and supersonic transports

Rectangular Wing - Also known as Constant Chord Wings

Easy to Manufacture - Reason why most earlier aircrafts have rectangular wing planform

Rectangular Wing - Not tapered/ Straight Wing and commonly used in small/trainer aircrafts

Right Angle - Rectangular wings extends out from the fuselage at approx. ___.

Easy to Manufacture - Main Advantage of a Rectangular Wing

Not Aerodynamically Efficient - Disadvantage of a Rectangular Wing

ma-”Kanto” / Not Smooth - Why are Rectangular Wing not Aerodynamically Efficient?

Elliptical Wing - Most Aerodynamically Efficient wing

Elliptical Spanwise Distribution - Lift distribution that Elliptical wings generate

Lowest Possible Drag - The Spanwise lift distribution is ideal as it induces ___.

Basis of Efficiency - Elliptical Wing is the basis of ___

Difficult/complex to Manufacture - Disadvantage of Elliptical Wing

“Initially, Elliptical wings are not made to minimize drag. They are made to house the landing gear and ammunition and guns inside the wings. thus it is needed to be thin.”

Tapered wings - made to modify the rectangular wing planform

Elliptical Spanwise Lift Distribution - In Tapered wing, the chord essentially varies along the span of the wing to generate __.

Good Compromise - Tapering makes it a ___ between efficiency and Manufacturability.

Delta Wing - low aspect ratio wings that are used in all flight regimes

Maneuverability and Wing Loading - Delta wings offer a large area for the shape which improves ___.

War Plane - Delta wings are commonly utilized in what type of plane?

Fuel Storage - Delta Wing has large area that creates more room for ___.

Supersonic Regime; Subsonic Regime - Delta Wings has good performance in ___ but poor performance in _.

Poor Performance in Subsonic Regime; Complex; Difficult to Manufacture - Disadvantage of Delta Wings

Low Aspect Ratio - Main reason why delta wings are used in supersonic flights and performs poorly in low speed operations.

Swept Back Wings/ Swept Wings - It reduces aerodynamic Drag as the aircraft fly at high subsonic or transonic speeds.

Swept Back Wings; Forward Swept; Variable Sweep - Three types of Swept Wings

Swept Back Wings - Majority of High Speed Commercial Aircraft uses this type of swept wings

Swept Back Wings - The aircraft wings whose leading edges are swept back

Swept Back Wings - This type of Swept Wings reduces drag when an aircraft is flying at transonic speeds.

Less Area of Contact; Wing Root is in contact with air first - Why is back swept wing more advantageous compared to forward swept wing?

Forward-Swept Wings - The aircraft wings whose leading edges are swept forward are called ___.

Flow Characteristics of Wing/ Susceptible to Stall - Disadvantage of Forward-Swept Wings

Since Wing Tip is first in contact than the Wing Root - Why are Forward-Swept Wing Susceptible to Stall?

Wing tip Vortices - Located on the wing tip that causes stall when first in contact with air thus controllability issues

Variable Sweep Wings - type of sweep wing that are mostly suitable for high speeds like supersonic and transonic

Unswept Wings - wings that are suitable for low speeds like subsonic

Variable sweep - these type of sweep wings were designed to optimize flight experience over a range of speeds.

Compensate for which regimes each planform - Variable sweep wings are designed to ___ are efficient.

Mechanical Complexity - Disadvantage of Variable Swept Wings

SURFACE CONTROLS

Aileron; Stabilator/Elevator; Rudder - 3 Primary Control Surface

Ailerons - controls the aircraft about the longitudinal axis.

Near the wing tips trailing edge - Ailerons are usually mounted on the __ and move opposite relative to each other.

Roll - The movement of the Ailerons causes the aircraft to ___.

Adverse Yaw - Problems associated with ailerons

Adverse Yaw - Tendency of the aircraft to yaw in the opposite direction

Rolling Action - It is a product of different values of lift generated on the wing from the opposite movement of each surface relative from one another.

Yawing Action - Since value of lift is different, drag produce is different, thus creating a ___ of the aircraft from leaning towards the wing which produces greater drag

Elevators - It controls pitch about the lateral axis.

Up or Down - Elevators turn the nose of the aircraft __

T tail; Stabilator; Canard - Configuration of Elevator in Aircraft Design

T tail design - Always away from the effects of downwash from the propeller since it is located higher thus it does not affect the elevator function

Noise and Vibration - t tail design reduces __ inside the aircraft

Conventional Elevators - this elevator is assisted with the downwash of air coming from the propeller.

Stabilator - a movable horizontal surface that acts as an elevator

Elevator - A Stabilator functions just like an ____

One-piece control surface - A Stabilator is essentially a ___ rotated about a central hinge point.

less drag - Stabilator is lighter compared to conventional design, hence, produces ___.

High Speed Combat Aircraft - Stabilator is most commonly used in ___

Maneuverability - Stabilators are used to enhance ___ of the aircraft

Canard - It utilize concepts of two lifting surface

Nose of the Aircraft - The canard acts as a control surface near the ___ designed to create lift to pitch the nose up.

Rudder - It controls about the vertical axis

Yaw - Movement about the vertical axis

V Tail - Common Configuration of the Vertical Surfaces

V-tail - Combine functions of elevators and rudders by employing slanted vertical tail surfaces.

Ruddervators - Since V tail acts as both elevators and rudders, as well as horizontal and vertical stabilizers, it is usually called ___.

HIGH LIFT DEVICES (INC)

High lift devices - There are movable surfaces or, in some cases, stationary components that are designed to increase lift during some phases or conditions of flight.

Trailing Edge Flap; Leading Edge High Lift Devices/ Leading Edge Devices; Boundary Control - Three groups of high lift devices

Flaps - These are a high lift device consisting of a hinged panel or panels mounted on the trailing edge of the wing.

Plain; Split; Slotted; Fowler - Types of trailing edge flap

Leading Edge High Lift Devices - These are great instruments to increase the critical angle of attack and, therefore, delay the stall.

Fixed Slot; LE Slat; LE Flap; LE Cuff; Krueger Flap - Types of Leading Edge Devices

Boundary Layer - Other high lift devices are based on artificial methods of controlling the behavior of the ____.

BL Blowing; BL Suction; Jet Flap - Types of boundary layer control