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Biology II
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what is the vertebral column also called
backbone, spine, or spinal column
how many bones make up the vertebral column
26
what type of bone is the vertebral column
irregular bone
what are the 3 functions of the vertebral column
support the upper body
protect the spinal cord
Provide points of attachment for other bones
why is the vertebral column curved
helps it to distribute pressure across the entire spine
the cervical vertebrae
7 vertebrae in the neck (C1-C7)
smallest vertebrae
Atlas (C1)
supports the head
articulates with the occipital condyles
allows you to nod “yes”
Axis (C2)
has a knoblike den that the atlas pivots upon
allows you to shake your head “no”
Thoracic Vertebrae
12 vertebrae found attached to the ribs
medium sized vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
5 vertebrae found sin the lower back
largest vertebrae
sacrum
attached to the hip
originally 5 bones (fuses to one by 30)
coccyx
the tailbone
originally 4 bones (fuses to one by 30)
what are vertebrae separated by
intervertebral disks (made of fibrocartilage)
how many curves does a healthy spine have
4 curves (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral)
abnormal curvatures
text neck - cervical curvature disappears
kyphosis - hunchback, extreme thoracic curvature
lordosis - extreme lumbar curvature
scoliosis - sideways curvature of the entire spin