BIO-205 Chapter 12

What is the study of fungi called?

Mycology

What are the three types of fungi?

Yeast, mushroom, mold

Does mycology refer to morphological forms or classification?

Morphological form

What are fungal cell walls made of?

Chitin

What are fungal cell membranes made of?

Ergosterol

What is the medical significance of fungal cell membranes?

Antifungal antibiotics can target the ergosterol instead of cholesterol (in our cell membranes)

What does decomposers release?

CO2, nitrogen compounds in soil

What are saprophytes?

Plant/fungus that lives on decaying matter (fungal cells absorb food molecules)

What is the classification of fungi based on?

The method of sexual reproduction

What is an example of a parasitic fungi?

Haustoria: protrude into host cells

What is a visible mass of hyphae called?

Mycelium

Dimorphism in fungi is associated with what?

Disease

In cellular terms, how can dimorphic fungi grow?

As single yeast cells or multicellular mycelia

Are fungi aerobic or anaerobic?

Most are aerobic, some yeasts are facultative anaerobes

What two organisms have a symbiotic relationship as lichens?

Algae and fungi

How can yeasts reproduce?

By mitosis or budding (asexual)

What is the source of antimicrobials?

Fungi

What causes rare cryptococcal meningitis?

Fungi

What are the three routes for fungal infection?

Allergic reaction, mycoses, and toxins

What are mycoses?

Fungal diseases: grows on or in body

Allergic reaction: what is a major cause of asthma?

Fungal spores

How are mycoses named?

After their causative agent (ex. Candida albicans and candidiasis; Coccidioides sp and coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever)

What are aflatoxins produced by and where are they found?

Aspergillus species; found in grains, peanuts. They are carcinogenic

What kind of algae has agar?

Red algae

What are major producers of O2?

Photosynthetic (chloroplasts)

Where are saltwater phytoplankton found?

Free floating near surface

What are diatoms and what is in their cell walls?

They are microscopic algae and they incorporate silicon dioxide into cell walls

What are diatom deposits mined for?

Mined for diatomaceous earth and used for water filters

What is a holdfast?

A special structure on microscopic algae that acts as an anchor

Dinoflagellates are a group of what?

Algae

What are red tides?

Algae blooms of dinoflagellates

What is Gonyaulax?

Algae bloom of dinoflagellates

What 2 neurotoxins does Gonyaulax produce?

Saxitoxin and gonyautoxin, among most potent non-protein poisons known

What can feed on Gonyaulax without harm?

Shellfish

What do humans suffer from when they eat shellfish that has Gonyaulax accumulated in its tissue?

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

What eats large amounts of bacteria and algae?

Protozoa

Classification of protozoa structure is based on what?

Method of locomotion

What are the three methods of locomotion of protozoa?

Cilia, flagella, pseudopodia

What protozoa causes malaria?

Plasmodium

What is one of the most significant infectious diseases in the world?

Malaria

What is a Sarcodina?

An ameboid (flexible) pseudopodia that engulf food particles by phagocytosis

What may have complex life cycles?

Protozoa/protozoan reproduction

What are the two forms polymorphism protozoan can exist as?

Trophozoite form and cyst form

What is the difference between trophozoite form and cyst form?

Trophozoite: vegetative or feeding form

Cyst: resting form

What is schizogony?

Multiple fission/protozoan reproduction

What is a schizont?

A schizont is a multinucleated cell that is created by schizogony

What are the two types of slime molds?

Cellular slime molds and Plsamodial slime molds

When food runs out, slime molds cells do what?

Aggregate into slug

What are the two protists that were once considered types of fungi?

Slime molds and water molds

What are plasmodial slime molds?

Large multinucleated “super amoebas”

What causes potato blight?

Water molds: oomycetes