Vertebral Column

FRAP - MIDTERMS 1

spine; spinal column

vertebral column are commonly called the ___ or ____ (use ;)

vertebrae

A complex succession of many bones called

trunk; head

vertebral column Provides supporting column for the ___ and ____.

lower limbs

Transmits the weight of the trunk and upper body to the ____

26

Spine are formed from ____ irregular bones

ligaments

spine are connected and reinforced by

flexible and curved

ligaments cause spines to be :

spinal cord

Running through the central cavity of the vertebral column is the delicate

vertebral column

the  _____ surrounds and protects the spinal cord

spinal cord

Enclose and protected by the spinal canal.

medulla oblangata

spinal cord begins with the ____ of the brain

foramen magnum

spinal cord passes through the ____ of the skull.

C1; L1

spinal cord continues through ___  all the way down the lower border of ___

conus medullaris

Spinal cord tapers off to a point called 

L2

In some persons, the conus medullaris may extend to as low as the body of ___ .

L3-L4

the most common site for a lumbar puncture into the spinal canal is at the level of ___.

cauda equina

The collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end is called the

horse-tail

cauda equina is ___-___ like

31

We have ___  pairs of spinal nerves.

7

number of cervical vertebrae

12

number of thoracic vertebrae

5

number of sacrum (child)

1

number of sacrum (adult)

4

number of coccyx (child)

1

number of coccyx (adult)

33

number of vertebrae (child)

26

number of vertebrae (adult)

9

how many bones fused to form the two composite bones

sacrum and coccyx

two composite bones that are fused

intervertebral discs

the individual vertebrae are separated by pads called

flexible fibrocartilage

intervertebral discs are:

shocks; spine flexibility

intervertebral discs absorbs ___ while allowing; ___

young person

In a ____, the discs have a high water content (about 90 percent) and are spongy and compressible.

90

water content (percentage) in young person

as a person ages the water content ___ and; become ___

Prevent shock to the head when we walk or run.

PURPOSE OF THE DISK AND S- SHAPED STRUCTUER OF THE VERTBERAL COLUMN (1)

Makes the body trunk flexible.

PURPOSE OF THE DISK AND S- SHAPED STRUCTUER OF THE VERTBERAL COLUMN (2)

thoracic and sacral

primary curvatures (what vertebral)

primary curvatures

Present when we are born.

c shape spine; new born baby

primary curvatures produced the ___ of the; ____

secondary curvatures

Develop some time after birth.

lower limbs

Secondary curvatures Allow us to center our body weight on our ___with minimum effort.

cervical and lumbar

vertebras that forms the secondary curvatures

cervical curvatures

appears when a baby begins to raise its head

lumbar curvature

develops when the baby begins to walk

SCOLIOSIS

Exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine

dextroscoliosis

Exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine - toward the right side

levoscoliosis

Exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine - toward the left side

kyphosis

abnormally rounded upper back.

humpback

other term for kyphosis

thoracic and sacral

vertebra (2) affected by kyphosis

lordosis

spine curves significantly inward at the lower back

swayback

other term for lordosis

cervical and lumbar

vertebra (2) affected by lordosis

kyphosis

Exaggerated posterior convexity and anterior concavity.

lordosis

Exaggerated anterior convexity and posterior concavity.

body

disclike, weight- bearing part of the vertebra facing anteriorly in the vertebral column.

vertebral arch

arch formed from the joining of all posterior extensions, the laminae and pedicles, from the vertebral body.

vertebral foramen

canal through which the spinal cord passes.

Transverse processes:

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch.

Spinous process:

single projection arising from the posterior aspect of the vertebral arch (actually the fused laminae)

Superior and inferior articular processes:

paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen, allowing a vertebra to form joints with adjacent vertebrae

c1 - atlas

cervical vertebra that have no body

C1 - atlas

The superior surfaces of its transverse process contain large depressions that receive the occipital condyles of the skull.

nod yes

the atlas allows you to ___

atlantooccipital joint

joint that allows you to nod yes

C2- axis

Acts as a pivot for rotation of the atlas and the skull above.

epistropheus

other term for axis

c3-c6

the smallest and lightest vertebrae

c7 - vertebra prominens

Has many features of thoracic vertebra including an extra long and horizontal spinous process that can be  palpated at the base ofthe neck.

three foramina and bifid spinous process

unique about a typical cervical vertebra

thoracic vertebrae

• All typical vertebra

• Larger than cervical vertebra

ribs

the thoracic vertebrae are the only vertebra that articulate with the ___

heart

shape of the body of thoracic vertebrae

spinous process

long and hooks sharply downward-

giraffe

spinous process of thoracic when viewed from the side

lumbar vertebrae

Have massive blocklike bodies (5)

short hatchet shaped

the shape of the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae

lumbar

Because most of the stress on the vertebral column occurs in the ____ region.

lumbar vertebrae

MOST STURDIEST/STRONGEST OF THE VERTEBRAE

sacrum

Formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae.

L5

the sacrum articulates superiorly with ___

coccyx

the sacrum articulates inferiorly with ___

hip bones

Winglike alae articulate laterally with the ___ ,

median sacral crest

SACRUM midline surface is roughened by the _____, the fused spinous process of the sacral vertebrae.

posterior sacral foramina.

sacrum is Flanked laterally by the

sacrum

Forms the posterior wall of the pelvis.

bony pelvis

Formed by two coxal bones/ ossa coxae/ hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx

sacral hiatus

The vertebral canal continues inside the sacrum as the sacral canal and terminates in a large opening called the ___ .

coccyx

tailbone