Psy 437 FINAL: Strains, Exclusion, Jealousy and Deception

Differentiate between forms of inclusion and exclusion

inclusion forms:

• maximal: constantly want to be around this person; actively try to make sure to hang out

• active: like being around another person but won’t change their initial plans to hang out with them

• passive: not going out of one’s way to spend time with another person but happy to hang out with them

• ambivalence: not happy to see them but don’t cut them out

exclusion forms:

• passive: don’t want to hang out with them and tries to avoid the same environment as them

• active: avoid the person, try to end ASAP

• maximal: avoiding that person at any cost, actively removing oneself from the situation

Explain the findings of the study looking at the impact of different forms of inclusion & exclusion on self-esteem

• mild rejection = major rejection

• the more one is maximally excluded their self-esteem would lower severely

• the more one is maximally included their self-esteem would go higher

Explain the method and findings of the “Introducing Self to Stranger” study

• introductions to strangers in which participants had to continue to talk about themselves until instructed to do so; at the one minute intervals one would receive the other participants’ answers to the question on how much would you like to get to know the person that is speaking on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 7 (very much)

  > positive throughout the introduction has more positive effects

  > negative throughout the introduction has more negative effects

  > some interactions started off negative but ended up positive

  > some interactions started off positive but ended up negative

• relational devaluation: most hurt when a positive review changes to negative

Identify similarities of physical pain and rejection

fMRI imaging study: areas of the brain lit up as it would for physical pain

acetaminophen study: pills reduced physical pain

Identify the results of the time study on ostracism

ostracism: intentionally ignoring or ignored by those around you

• different views

  → actors → effective punishment and goal achieved

  → targets → damaged relationship

• time study: participants calculate the time in which they got either rejected or accepted by the researchers

• 40 sec passed for each individual

• rejected individuals say that the time passed was on average of 64 seconds

• non-rejected individuals say that the time passed was about 42 seconds on average

Differentiate between how people with high and low self-esteem response to be ostracized in their romantic relationships

• compliance and prosocial

• hostility

• look elsewhere

  > high self-esteem: end the relationship

  > low self-esteem: reciprocate ostracism

Explain what reactive and suspicious jealousy are and examples of each

reactive jealousy: realistic response in which an individual reacts based on evidence that they can prove and provide

• example: infidelity in which one partner sees the flirty texts messages that the other was sending to another person

suspicious jealousy: no event or evidence that can prove their suspicions of another individual

• example: thinking that one’s partner is cheating on them because they have a “feeling” that something is going on

Identify who is more prone to being higher in jealousy

• higher interdependency

  > lower CL alt

• feel inadequate in relationship

• people who possess a higher mate value discrepancy

• mater value discrepancy: high on mate value; men see higher mate value in women based on physical attractiveness while women see mate value in men in economic factors

• preoccupied attachment

• partner is high in dark triad

Differentiate between how heterosexual men, heterosexual women, and lesbian/gay/bisexual individuals response to infidelity

heterosexual men: get drunk, confront and threaten the other person

heterosexual women: seeks to improve the relationship or compete with partner

LBG: emotional reactions

Explain how motivated liars differ with their lies compared to non-motivated liars

types

• active: countering of what actually happened

• passive: concealing information

purpose

• self-serving: benefit the lair in situation

• benefit other: trying to protect interest of the other person

motivated lairs typically have more convincing scripts, poorer more suspicious delivery

non-motivated liars engage in situations in which it seems they get caught upon the lie, lie for the well-being of another person, has not ill intention

Identify what the reliability of lie detection is and how knowing the person impacts this

• non consistent verbal or nonverbal cues

• know VS unknown

  > 54% detection, worse if known

  > truth bias: tendency to a person that is much closer to you

Distinguish between who men and women are more likely to betray

men: romantic partner and business

women: friends and family

Identify the impact the seeking revenge for being betrayed has on a person and their relationships

• can inflict more harm than good → vengeful cycle

• less satisfying than believe

  > distressed and negative longer