APUSH: Unit Review - Chap. 11-15

Louisiana Purchase

US bought from French (1803)
doubled size of US
strengthened powers

Lewis and Clarkson Expedition

expedition to discover new land after the Louisiana
helped the expansion of the fur trade
one objective: managing relations with native amercians

Marbury v. Madison 1803

congress does not have the power to override the constitution
Marshall adds judicial review to checks and balances
prevents fed govt from becoming too powerful

impressment

forcible seizure of AM. seamen by Br. navy (late 18th to early 19th century)

Embargo Act (1807)

closed all US ports and restricted imports from Br
reaction by Pres. Jefferson to Br./Fr. interference w/ US neutral merchants during Napoleonic Wars

Non-Intercourse Act

repealed Embargo Act, opened ports to all except Br. and Fr.

Macon's Bill #2

meant to encourage Br./Fr. to stop seizing US ships during Napoleonic wars

War Hawks

young democratic-republicans from frontier states who were eager with was with Br.
led by Clay and Calhoun
held power in congress, were able to convince nation to continue to fight for liberty from Br.

Hartford Convention

declared a calling on the Fed. govt. to protect New England and to provide financial aid to their trade economy

Battle of New Orleans

last battle fought in War of 1812 between Br. and Am.
Am. victory in Gulf forced Br. to recognize US claims to Louisiana and W. Fl. and to consent to treaty of Ghent

Treaty of Ghent

ended war of 1812 between Br. and Am.
peace negotiations began

Era of Good Feelings

marked period of history in US that reflected purpose among the people after the war of 1812

The American System (three parts)

national economic plan put forth by Clay/Whig party
created to pass high taxes on imports to protect Am. businesses and produce revenue

AM system1. Second National Bank

gave country more stable currency
controversial because it provided lack of funding for Western expansion
Jackson objected

AM system 2. Tariff of 1816

provided fed. govt. w/ money to loan industrialists
increased cost of European goods
benefited importing countries
helped level the playing field for Am. businessmen
govt. did this in hopes to have Americans buy domestic products

Adams-Onis Treaty

US and Sp. defined western limits of the Louisiana Purchase
Spain surrendered Pacific NW
US recognized Sp. sovereignty over Tx.

Monroe Doctrine

issued by Monroe, warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the W. Hemisphere
Us worried Br. powers would harm US influence
granted US ability to independently intervene w/ trading economy

Missouri Compromise

admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state
this remained the balance of slave and free states

Panis of 1819

also w/ the Banking Crisis of 1819
economic crisis in US caused by the end fs warfare between Br. and Fr.
farmers and businessmen went bankrupt
also lost right to vote

Marshall Court

supreme court of US

Gibbons v. Ogden

forbade states from enacting and legislation that would interfere the Congress's right to regulate commerce among the separate states
this further established the power of the fed. govt. over the states

Dartmouth College

ruled New Hampshire violated the contract clause while trying to install a new board of trustees for the college
considered a landmark in the development of the US constitutional and corporate law

McCullough v. Maryland

one of the first/most important case on federal power
implied constitutional power to create a national bank that states could not tax a federally chartered bank
court stated congress was allowed to pass laws in order to carry out its duties

sectionalism

too much devotion to the interest of a region

universal male suffrage

term generally used to support right to vote for all adults
after African am. men secured right to vote, term used for the women's suffrage movement

spoils system

the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when pres. administrations changed
practice started w/ Jackson

corrupt bargain

believed that Clay convinced congress to elect Adams as pres.
Jacksons supporters called this a "corrupt bargain"

tariff of abominations

was to protect northern/western agricultural products from competition w/ foreign powers
southerners felt it only benefited the north

revolution of 1828

Jacksons victory broke the line of pres.
many citizens represented the triumph of a common man

Indian Removal Act (1830)

signed by Jackson
authorized the pres. to grant lands west of the Miss. in exchange for Ind. lands within existing state borders
targeted five civilized tribes
allowed countries citizens to occupy land up and down east coast

Trail of Tears

forced western migration of Am. Ind. tribes from the south/southeast
caused by Ind. removal act
stripped rights from Ind. who could not defend themselves
tribes were adjusting to Am. culture, not bothering anyone

Nullification Crisis

theory that states can invalidate fed. laws they deem unconstitutional
tariff of abominations led to this

pet banks

term for state banks selected by US department to receive more funds in 1833
big factor that led to panic of 1837

Specie Circular

Jackson issued
govt. would only accept gold/silver payment for federal land
prevented working class from purchasing fed. land in W.
viewed as further abuse of power by Jackson

Transcendentalists

believe that society (mainly organized religion) corrupt the purity of an individual
ex. Ralph Emerson and Henry Thoreau

Second Great Awakening

period of spirituality and religious devotion were revived
new religions created
more people went to church

Brook Farm

an experiment in communal living
founded in 1840
quickly fell due to financial struggles and internal disputes
reflects beliefs of transcendentalists due to it simplicity and connection w/ god

Oneida Community

a communal society dedicated to living as one family and sharing property, work, and love

New Harmony

accomplished education and scientific research
communal society established by Robert Owen

Shakers

first successful communal movement
a deeply religious movement that had elements of socialism
lived in a community with separate sexes

temperance

moderation or abstinence of alcohol
grew with the start of the great awakening
#1 movement supported by women
lead to a complete ban of alcohol

Seneca Falls Convention

first women's rights convention
women discussed the rights/conditions of women
wrote the declaration of sentiments, which included women, and tried to get them the right to vote

"King Cotton"

indicated the economic and political importance ot cotton production
phrase used by southerners

antebellum

period of increasing sectionalism that led up to the Am. Civil War
1815-1860

American Colonization Society

founded in 1817 for the purpose of transporting African Am. back to Africa