Theme 4 HGGSP dates and stats

Heritage:

all worthy, interesting, and valuable assets to be preserved and transmitted

UNESCO

• UNESCO → 1946, 1972 → World Cultural and Natural Heritage Convention

• Underwater heritage (2001), intangible (2003)

• In 2022, 1,154 properties are listed in 167 countries (including 629 intangible)

limits to UNESCO

Tourism, half of the heritage = North America and Europe while 14% = Africa and Arab countries, e.g., Babylon = 7 wonders of the world, listed by UNESCO in 2019. The failing state of the car

French Revolution

the nationalization of clergy property led to the transfer of church property to the nation.

The National Archives were created and replaced by Historic monument service

in 1790 = to preserve the state's major documents; it was replaced by the Historic Monuments Service created in 1813

Mérimée

= established the first list of historic monuments.

Viollet-Le-Duc

restored numerous monuments, such as Notre-Dame de Paris.

The State, a central player because it created laws

→ 1913 = the classification of buildings as historic monuments, 1941 = the State had the right to conduct excavations wherever it wished.

Mitterrand won the election + heritage days

in 1981 which raised issues related to access to culture and the creation of the first Heritage Days in 1984.

Decentralization

→ the DRAC (Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs) created in 1977 was responsible for coordinating conservation missions. The growing influence of private actors, e.g., Notre-Dame de Paris, LVMH, and L'Oréal, totaled $200 milli

1ST mine in npdc

The first mine opened in 1720 in Anzin

xix s number of mines, terrils and miners

In the 19th century, there were 600 shafts, 300 slag heaps, and 300,000 miners.

End of mining

 In 1990, the Oignies pit was closed, marking the end of mining activity in the region.

strong cultural heritage

= FC Lens and the success of the film Germinal 1993 → heritage status under the mayor of Lille = Mission Bassin Minier association

Start of heritage

heritage status under the mayor of Lille = Mission Bassin Minier association. In 2012 = UNESCO cultural landscape = 120,000 hectares, 87 municipalities, and 109 sites = symbol of the recognition of industrial heritage in France.

Economic and tourist reconversion:

The Delloye pit = mining museum but also a documentary center and center for scientific culture. In 2012, the Louvre Lens opened and welcomes more than 500,000 visitors per year. Loisinord = water sports center and sports fields, synthetic ski slope = 30,000 skiers per year.

Limitations:

Visits to tourist sites are mainly made by local populations (memorial heritage), Louvre Lens = tourists do not stay in the city of Lens and 70% of visitors come from the region.

Start of culinary art xixe

Culinary art = 19th century, Talleyrand (politician at the Congress of Vienna) = more ambassadorial meals

xxe

the Michelin guide in the 20th century = best cook in the world and starred chefs → promotion of French gastronomy abroad,

gout de france

“Goût de France/Good France” = 2015 = 3 days + events to honor French products and meals.

UNESCO intangible heritage gastronomie

2010 → soft power tool

gastro-diplomacy

= 1st time in 2002 in economist = promote culture, make the country known through its food.

Visit of heads of state = central meal

→ 1961 = Kennedy and the meal is the major moment.

Used as a weapon

Trump taxes products like Champagne and Roquefort after taxes on digital giants.

French economy

→ tourist experience → ⅓ of tourists aim to have a gourmet meal, wine = 1 exporter = 2 billion bottles = 13 billion and 500,000 jobs. China, Japan and the United States = 1st consumers