disease process and terminology

homeostasis

stability of the body

aysmptomatic

showing no symptoms of disease

pathogenesis

development of disease (in stages)

acute

abrupt onset of more or less severe symptoms that run a brief course (usually less than six months) then resolves or results in death

chronic

lasts longer than six months

predisposing factors (risk factors)

makes a person or group more vulnerable to disease (age, gender, lifestyle, environment, heredity)

acute inflammation

normal protective response to injury/disease, accompanied with redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function

widespread inflammation

marked by fever, malaise, and loss of appetite

necrosis

death of tissue

E. coli

colon, manure; causes enteritis infection

Staph aureus

skin, hair, anterior nares,causes wound infection, pneumonia, food poisoning, cellultis

Strep group A

oropharynx, skin, perineal area; causes strep throat, rhuematic fever,scarlet fever, impetigo

strep group b

genitalia causes; urinary tract infection, wound infection, endometritis

mycobacterium

lungs, cause tuberculosis

Neisseria gonorrhoae

genitourinary tract, rectum,mouth, eye; causes gonorrhea, pelvic inflammation, infectious arthritis, conjunctivitis

Ricketsia rickettsii

wood tick, rocky mtn. spotted fever

Staph epidermidis

skin; wound infection, bacteremia

Hepatitis A virus

infectious hepatits

Hepatitis B

serum hepatits

Hepatitis C

liver disease

Herpes simplex

cold sores; meingitis

HIV

Aids

hantavirus

URI infection LRI infection, ARDS

West Nile virus

virus that causes fever and illness \-- can cause encephalitis or meningitis or death --bites of mosquitos

Aspergillus

aspergillosis; found in soil and dust

Candida albicans

causes thrush and dermatitis; found in mouth skin colon, genital tract

Plasmodium

found on mosquito which can cause malaria

carcinoma

cancer of epithelial cells

sarcoma

cancer of bone/muscle

lymphoma

cancer of immune system

melanoma

cancer of melanin-producing cells

Metastases

secondary tumors

immunosenescence

gradual deterioration of immune system function

Hgb

measurement of hemoglobin

Hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

Glycohemoglobin

hemoglobin with attached glucose

ESR

rate at which rbc fall out of whole blood to the bottom of the test tube

GTT

fasting blood glucose levels

C reactive protein

Measures inflammation (CHD causes inflammation)

Electrocardiogram(ECG/EKG)

record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

echocardiogram

ultrasound exam of the cardiac strucutre

MRI

uses a magnetic field to visualize internal structurs

CT

radiographic using a scanner system

nociceptors

pain receptors

allergen

a substance that causes an allergic reaction

anaphylaxis

severe allergic reaction

antigen

foreign substance that causes antibody response

asymptomatic

showing no symptoms of disease

auscultation

listening to sounds within the body

cachexia

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness

carcinogenic

causing cancer

chromosome

structure that carries hereditary material, abnormalities often cause genetic disease

genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

hospice

care for patients with life-threatening or terminal illness

ischemia

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body

karyotype

a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

metastasis

he spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

mutation

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

oncogene

cancer causing gene

phagocytosis

the process by which cells surround and digest certain particles

somatoform

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a physical form without apparent physical cause

acetabulum

hip socket

acyanotic

absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes

adenosarcoma

cancerous tumor of a gland

amniocentesis

needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

anencephalic

born without or with an underdeveloped brain and/or skull

ataxic

irregular, unpredictable respiratory rate and tidal volume.

azoospermia

absence of sperm in the semen

bicornate

a uterus having two horns or horn-shaped branches

contracture

The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal fibrosis of muscle tissue

dysplasia

abnormal development of tissue

dystrophy

abnormal development or growt

electromyography

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

foramen ovale

connects the two atria in the fetal heart

meconium

the first bowel movement of the newborn

meninges

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

neonates

newborn babies

pylorus

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

stenosis

narrowing, strictutre

syncope

loss of consciousness or fainting

tachypnea

rapid breathing

trisomy

extra (third) chromosome\`

anticholinesterase

autoimmune

diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own tissues

collagen

structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue

hematopoietic

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

hypogammaglobinemia

disorder that occurs in chronic leukemias where B cells aren't mature enough to make antibodies

immunocompetent

ability to develop an immune response or recognize antigens and respond to them

immunodeficiency

immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms

immunoelectrophoresis

test that separates immunoglobulins

immunogen

antigen that induces an immune response

immunoglobin

protein with antibody activity

immunosuppresive

administration of agents that significantly interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to produce antibodies

keratoconjunctivitis

inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva of the eye

lymph

fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels

lymphadenopathy

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

lymphocyte

a type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

macrophage

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

IgG

most abundant antibody, located in blood plasma. mostly in primary and secondary immune responses, responsible for Rh reactions.

IgA

located in saliva, mucus, tears, and breast milk. protects mucous membranes on body surfaces or provides immunity to newborns.