Turning Points

Jumonville Glen Skirmish

Sparked the French and Indian War.

Battle of Fort Necessity

Washington’s surrender; early British defeat.

Battle of Monongahela

Braddock killed; Washington emerges as a leader.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Native resistance following British victory; led to the Proclamation Line.

Boston Massacre

Increased colonial resentment against British troops.

Boston Tea Party

Direct protest against Tea Act; triggered Intolerable Acts.

Battle of Bunker Hill

First major battle; showed colonists could fight.

Battle of Trenton

Surprise victory after Washington’s crossing of the Delaware; boosted morale.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point of the war; secured French alliance.

Valley Forge

Hard winter, but army emerged stronger through training.

Battle of Yorktown

Last major battle; Cornwallis surrenders.

Shays’ Rebellion

Massachusetts uprising showing the weakness of the Articles; pushed leaders toward stronger government.

Annapolis Convention

Failed to solve trade issues, but set stage for Constitutional Convention.

Constitutional Convention

Delegates met in Philadelphia; Washington elected president of convention.

Ratification Process

Constitution required 9 of 13 states’ approval, beginning the shift from Articles to new government.