psychology exam 2 MSSU

learning

a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience

Learning vs performance

learning without performance

\-Tollman’s latent learning experiment

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Performance without learning

* clever hans

Habituation

decrease in strength of response after repeated exposure

* less intense leads to

Sensitization

increase in strength of response after repeated exposure

* More intense stimuli lead to

Classical conditioning

Ivan pavlov

pavlov’s dogs


1. pretest
2. conditioning
3. test

Conditioned stimulus

learned stimulus- bell to the dogs

unconditioned stimulus

unlearned-meat powder to the dogs

extinction

if the bell (pavlov’s dogs) never had food after it then the dogs would eventually stop responding to the bell

Conditioned taste aversion

if you get sick while eating or drinking you associate sickness with that food

operant conditioning

how you increase or decrease behavior

Reinforcement

increase behavior

punishment

decrease behavior

positive reinforcement

you present something- behavior decreases

negative reinforcement

takes something away- behavior increases

positive punishment

main purpose is to reduce the future frequency of the behavior by applying an aversive stimulus after the behavior occurs.

negative punishment

the goal of this punishment is to decrease unwanted behaviors

ratio

reinforce someone after they do a behavior

fixed ratio

number of times they have to do it to praise the subject

varible ratio

an average of how many times they have to do it

interval ratio

a time schedule of reinforcement

the emotional mind

a quick but sloppy response

first thoughts then feelings

emotional intelligence

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knowing one’s emotions

managing emotions

motivating oneself

recognizing emotions in others

handling relationships

emotional theories

two theories

james lang theory

the cannon bard theory

the james lang theory

physiological changes noted, then interpreted as emotional states

facial feedback hypothesis

the cannon bard theory

body arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously

Primary Appraisal

Is it relevant?

Secondary Appraisal

evaluate our options and resources

Anger

good thing, feedback

two types of aggression

Instrumental and interpersonal

Instrumental

Aggressive for a purpose

Interpersonal

you have a motive; mad at the person

Happiness

health

employment

social relationships

Personality

Distinct patterns of thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors

Transference

Strong emotion towards your therapist w/o knowing them

Structure of personality

ID (basic needs)

Superego (morality)

Ego (reason)

Repression

Push it into the unconscious

Regression

Behave as a much younger person

Rationalization

Make it seem logical

Projection

Project or put onto somebody else

Reaction Formation

Respond in opposite way of what you really think

Denial

totally deny it

Sublimination

channel it into a socially accepted form

Social Learning therioes

Examine social and cognitive factors in the development of personality

Believe personality is learned and includes cognition

Cognitive phenomenon is locus control (Developed by Julian Rotter)

Locus Control

The degree to which you feel you have control over your life

Two types of locus control

Internal- Events are controlled by my efforts

External- even are controlled by external forces

Humanistic theories

third force in psychology (Individuals perspective is the focus)

Carl Rogers Theory

We have an innate need to grow

Our internal feelings will guide us towards happiness

Abraham Maslows Theory

Self actualization

Esteem needs

Belonging and love needs

Safety needs

Physiological Needs