Studied by 2 peoplelearning
a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience
Learning vs performance
learning without performance
-Tollman’s latent learning experiment
Performance without learning
clever hans
Habituation
decrease in strength of response after repeated exposure
less intense leads to
Sensitization
increase in strength of response after repeated exposure
More intense stimuli lead to
Classical conditioning
Ivan pavlov
pavlov’s dogs
pretest
conditioning
test
Conditioned stimulus
learned stimulus- bell to the dogs
unconditioned stimulus
unlearned-meat powder to the dogs
extinction
if the bell (pavlov’s dogs) never had food after it then the dogs would eventually stop responding to the bell
Conditioned taste aversion
if you get sick while eating or drinking you associate sickness with that food
operant conditioning
how you increase or decrease behavior
Reinforcement
increase behavior
punishment
decrease behavior
positive reinforcement
you present something- behavior decreases
negative reinforcement
takes something away- behavior increases
positive punishment
main purpose is to reduce the future frequency of the behavior by applying an aversive stimulus after the behavior occurs.
negative punishment
the goal of this punishment is to decrease unwanted behaviors
ratio
reinforce someone after they do a behavior
fixed ratio
number of times they have to do it to praise the subject
varible ratio
an average of how many times they have to do it
interval ratio
a time schedule of reinforcement
the emotional mind
a quick but sloppy response
first thoughts then feelings
emotional intelligence
knowing one’s emotions
managing emotions
motivating oneself
recognizing emotions in others
handling relationships
emotional theories
two theories
james lang theory
the cannon bard theory
the james lang theory
physiological changes noted, then interpreted as emotional states
facial feedback hypothesis
the cannon bard theory
body arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously
Primary Appraisal
Is it relevant?
Secondary Appraisal
evaluate our options and resources
Anger
good thing, feedback
two types of aggression
Instrumental and interpersonal
Instrumental
Aggressive for a purpose
Interpersonal
you have a motive; mad at the person
Happiness
health
employment
social relationships
Personality
Distinct patterns of thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors
Transference
Strong emotion towards your therapist w/o knowing them
Structure of personality
ID (basic needs)
Superego (morality)
Ego (reason)
Repression
Push it into the unconscious
Regression
Behave as a much younger person
Rationalization
Make it seem logical
Projection
Project or put onto somebody else
Reaction Formation
Respond in opposite way of what you really think
Denial
totally deny it
Sublimination
channel it into a socially accepted form
Social Learning therioes
Examine social and cognitive factors in the development of personality
Believe personality is learned and includes cognition
Cognitive phenomenon is locus control (Developed by Julian Rotter)
Locus Control
The degree to which you feel you have control over your life
Two types of locus control
Internal- Events are controlled by my efforts
External- even are controlled by external forces
Humanistic theories
third force in psychology (Individuals perspective is the focus)
Carl Rogers Theory
We have an innate need to grow
Our internal feelings will guide us towards happiness
Abraham Maslows Theory
Self actualization
Esteem needs
Belonging and love needs
Safety needs
Physiological Needs
Note
Flashcard