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excavation (n) /ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/
the process of digging or removing earth, stones, or other materials from a site
archeologist (n) /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/
a person who studies human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains
site (n) /saɪt/
a place where something is located or set, especially a place where something historical or cultural is preserved or studied
relic (n) /ˈrelɪk/
an object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental interest
movement (n) /ˈmuːvmənt/
a group of people working together to advance their shared political, social, or artistic ideas
bronze (n) /brɒnz/
a yellowish-brown alloy of copper with up to one-third tin and sometimes small amounts of other metals, forming hard, thin plates and used for casting sculpture, making medals, etc
hotel (n) /həʊˈtel/
an establishment providing accommodations, meals, and other services for travelers and tourists
vacation (n) /veɪˈkeɪʃn/, /vəˈkeɪʃn/
a period of time spent away from home, school, or business in travel or leisure
adventure (n) /ədˈventʃə(r)/
an unusual, exciting, or daring experience or activity, typically involving some risk
destination (n) /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/
a place that someone is going to, often for a vacation or trip
accommodation (n) /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/
a place to live, work, stay or sleep
package (n) /ˈpækɪdʒ/
a group of related items that are sold or sent together
fine (n) /faɪn/
a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule
fare (n) / feə(r)/
the money that you pay to travel by public transportation, such as bus, train, or taxi
wage (n) / weɪdʒ/
the amount of money you earn for working a certain period of time
fee (n) /fiː/
an amount of money paid for a particular piece of work or for a particular service
tuition fee (n) /tjuˈɪʃn fiː/
the amount of money paid for instruction at a school or university
pandemic (n) /pænˈdemɪk/
a disease that spreads over a whole country or the world
admire (v) /ədˈmaɪə(r)/
to respect or think well of someone or something
spectacular (adj) /spekˈtækjələ(r)/
impressive to look at, remarkable
glance (n) /ɡlɑːns/
a quick look, brief view
vision (n) /ˈvɪʒn/
the ability to see or the process of perceiving and interpreting visual information through the eyes and the brain
look (n) /lʊk/
appearance or aspect
view (n) /vjuː/
what you can see, scenery
diary (n) /ˈdaɪəri/
a book in which you write down your personal experiences or thoughts each day
thriller (n) /ˈθrɪlə(r)/
a book, play or film that has an exciting story, often about solving a crime
detective (n) /dɪˈtektɪv/
a person whose job is to investigate and solve crimes
comedy (n) /ˈkɒmədi/
a funny play or film, or a style of acting in which people behave in a funny way
prior (adj) /ˈpraɪə(r)/
happening or existing before something else, earlier
permission (n) /pəˈmɪʃn/
the act of allowing someone to do something, or the state of being allowed to do something
valid (adj) /ˈvælɪd/
based on truth, facts or logic, legally or officially acceptable
licence (n) /ˈlaɪsns/
an official document giving you permission to own, do or use something
application (n) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/
a formal request for something, often in writing
degree (n) /dɪˈɡriː/
a qualification given for completing a university course
diploma (n) /dɪˈpləʊmə/
a certificate awarded by a school or university to show that someone has successfully completed a course of study
programme (n) /ˈprəʊɡræm/
a planned series of events or a performance
onlooker (n) /ˈɒnlʊkə(r)/
a person who watches an event or situation without being directly involved
sightseer (n) /ˈsaɪtsɪə(r)/
a person who visits a place or area of interest for pleasure or tourism, typically taking a guided tour
viewer (n) /ˈvjuːə(r)/
a person who watches or views something, especially television or movies
spectator (n) /spekˈteɪtə(r)/
a person who watches or observes a public event or performance
voucher (n) /ˈvaʊtʃə(r)/
a piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or that can be exchanged for goods or services
receipt (n) /rɪˈsiːt/
a written or printed record of a purchase or payment
ticket (n) /ˈtɪkɪt/
a piece of paper or card that gives the holder a certain right, especially to enter a place, travel by public transport, or participate in an event
brochure (n) /ˈbrəʊʃə(r)/
a small book or magazine containing pictures and information about a product or service
journal (n) /ˈdʒɜːnl/
a periodical publication giving news and opinion on a particular subject or activity
minutes (n) /ˈmɪnɪts/
a written record of what was said and done at a meeting
forecast (n) /ˈfɔːkɑːst/
a prediction of what will happen in the future, based on careful study of past events and trends
flood (n) /flʌd/
an overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land
earthquake (n) /ˈɜːθkweɪk/
a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action
landslide (n) /ˈlændslaɪd/
the sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff
culture (n) /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/
the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group
polite (adj) /pəˈlaɪt/
having or showing behavior that is respectful and considerate of other people
waiter (n) /ˈweɪtə(r)/
a man whose job is to serve customers at their tables in a restaurant
debt (n) /det/
something, typically money, that is owed or due
tip (n) /tɪp/
a sum of money given to someone as a reward for their services; a piece of advice or useful information
certificate (n) /səˈtɪfɪkət/
an official document that proves that something is true, correct, or genuine
loyalty card (n) /ˈlɔɪəlti kɑːd/
a card issued by a business to reward customers for their loyalty
accessory (n) /əkˈsesəri/
a thing that is added to another thing to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive
discount (n) /ˈdɪskaʊnt/
a reduction in the price of goods or services
abandon (v) /əˈbændən/
to leave someone or something behind, typically in a difficult or dangerous situation
cruise (n) /kruːz/
a voyage on a ship or boat taken for pleasure or as a holiday and usually calling in at several places
excursion (n) /ɪkˈskɜːʃn/
a short trip, especially one organized for a group of people
tour (n) /tʊə(r)/, /tɔː(r)/
a journey or trip, especially for pleasure or vacation
voyage (n) /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/
a long journey, typically by sea or in space
household (adj) /ˈhaʊshəʊld/
relating to a house or the people living in it
waste (n) /weɪst/
unwanted materials or substances that are discarded or thrown away
classify (v) /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/
arrange (a group of people or things) in classes or categories according to shared qualities or characteristics
station (n) /ˈsteɪʃn/
a place or building where a specified activity or service is based or carried on
runway (n) /ˈrʌnweɪ/
a paved strip of ground on which aircraft land and take off
factory (n) /ˈfæktri/, /ˈfæktəri/
a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine
school report (np) /skuːl rɪˈpɔːt/
a written report on a student's behavior or performance in school
director (n) /dəˈrektə(r)/, /daɪˈrektə(r )/
a person who is in charge of an activity, department, or organization
employer (n) /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/
a person or organization that employs people
referee (n) /ˌrefəˈriː/
an official who watches a game or match closely to ensure that the rules are adhered to and to arbitrate on matters arising from the play
scriptwriter (n) /ˈskrɪptraɪtə(r)/
a person who writes scripts for films, television programs, or radio shows
prestigious (adj) /preˈstɪdʒəs/
inspiring respect and admiration; having high status
award (n) /əˈwɔːd/
a prize or other mark of recognition given in honor of an achievement
salary (n) /ˈsæləri/
a fixed regular payment, typically paid monthly or biweekly, made by an employer to an employee, especially a professional or white-collar worker
allowance (n) /əˈlaʊəns/
an amount of money regularly paid to a person, typically to meet specified needs or expenses
budget (n) /ˈbʌdʒɪt/
an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time
obedient (adj) /əˈbiːdiənt/
willing to comply or submit to authority, orders, or guidance
property (n) /ˈprɒpəti/
a possession or the ownership of tangible or intangible things
possession (n) /pəˈzeʃn/
the state of having, owning, or controlling something
furniture (n) /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/
movable articles that are used to make a room or building suitable for living or working in
belongings (n) /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/
the things that a person owns or has with them at a particular time
scientific (adj) /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
relating to or based on science
reward (n) /rɪˈwɔːd/
a thing given in recognition of one's service, effort, or achievement
breakthrough (n) /ˈbreɪkθruː/
a sudden, dramatic, and significant advance or development
foul (n) /faʊl/
an unfair or unlawful act committed on the field of play, especially in sports
fault (n) /fɔːlt/
a responsibility or mistake for which someone is held responsible
mistake (n) /mɪˈsteɪk/
an action or judgement that is misguided or wrong
error (n) /ˈerə(r)/
a mistake, often due to a lack of understanding or information
rent (n) /rent/
a payment made by a tenant for the use of property, land, or other assets
device (n) /dɪˈvaɪs/
an object or machine that has been invented for a particular purpose
tool (n) /tuːl/
a device or implement used to carry out a particular function
musical instrument (np) /ˌmjuːzɪkl ˈɪnstrəmənt/
a device created or adapted to make musical sounds
gadget (n) /ˈɡædʒɪt/
a small mechanical or electronic device or tool, especially one that is ingenious or novel
interest rate (np) /ˈɪntrəst reɪt/
the proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower
toll (n) /təʊl/
a charge payable for permission to use a particular road or bridge
charge (n) /tʃɑːdʒ/
an amount of money that is asked for goods or services provided
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