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What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Foot?
Pes, Pedal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Shin?
Crus, Crural
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Calf?
Sura, Sural
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Front of knee?
Patella, Patellar
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Back of knee ?
popliteus, popliteal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Thigh?
Femoris, Femoral
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Groin?
Inguina, inguinal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Butt?
Buttock, Gluteal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Stomach?
Abdomen, abdominal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Low back?
lumbus, lumbar
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Chest and Middle Back?
Thorax, thoracic
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Lateral chest ?
pectorus, pectoral
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for Middle chest?
sternum, sternal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for neck?
cervicis, cervical
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for chin?
Mentum, mental
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for head?
Cephalon, cephalic
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for shoulder?
acromion, acromial
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for arm?
brachium, brachial
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for elbow (front)?
Antecubitus, antecubital
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for elbow(back) ?
olecranon, olecranal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for wrist?
carpus, carpal
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for hand ?
manus, manual
What is the Anatomical Term and Region for forearm?
antebrachium, antebrachial
T/F: Cephalon is superior to the thorax
True
T/F: The thorax is inferior to the cephalon
True
T/F: The sternum is posterior to the heart
False: The sternum is anterior to the heart
T/F: The ears are lateral to the nose
True
T/F: The nose is distal to the ears
False: The nose is medial to the ears
What does proximal mean?
Towards the trunk of the body
What does distal mean?
Away from the trunk
T/F: the elbow is proximal to the wrist
True
What does ipsilateral mean?
on the same side
What does contralateral mean?
opposite side
What is the transpyloric plane?
The superior transverse plane used in the 9 abdominal region system
What is the transtubercular plane?
The inferior transverse plane used in 9 abdominal region system
What is Epigastric?
Term that means above the stomach
What is hypochondriac?
term used in the 9 abdominal regions to identify structures superior and lateral to the stomach
What is lumbar?
Meaning the region of the low back and also used in the 9 abdominal regional system for describing the location of structures lateral to the umbilicus
What is umbilicus?
the naval which indicates the center of the abdomen
What is the Iliac?
the term meaning the lower lateral abdominal regions
What is inguinal?
sometimes used in the 9 abdominal regions indicating the lower abdomen
What is hypogastric?
term meaning below the stomach
What is the lowest to highest complexity of body organization?
atom, molecule, cell, organ, organ system, organism
The center of the 9 regions is the _
umbilicus
How many parasagittal planes are there?
2
How many transverse planes are there?
2
What are the 3 superior regions of the abdomen?
epigastric and right and left hypochondriac regions.
What are the middle regions of the abdomen?
umbilical and right and left lumbar
What does homeostasis refer to?
A system’s ability to maintain a range of values and relies on feedback mechanisms
What is negative feedback?
when the response is opposite to the stimulus
What is positive feedback?
Where the response is same as the stimulus
What does the integumentary system consist of?
hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
What is the function of the integumentary system?
protects the body, secretes waste products, produces vitamin D and regulation of body temperature
What else does the integumentary system do?
supports sensory receptors that send information to the nervous system
What does the skeletal system consist of?
bones, ligaments, and cartilage
What does the skeletal system provide?
protection and support and produces red blood cells and stores chemical salts
What does the muscular system produce?
movement, helps to maintain posture and produces heat
What does the nervous system consist of?
the brain, spinal cord, and receptors
What does the nervous system receive?
sensory information detects changes and in response and stimulates muscles and glands
What is the endocrine system?
a series of glands that secrete hormones
What does the endocrine system contain?
many feedback systems to help maintain homeostasis
What is the lymphatic system?
a system of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus and spleen and is to return blood to tissues as well as transport some absorbed food molecules and defend against infection
What is the immune system?
Consists of cells and antibodies that help the body to fight off pathogens and some organs associated with the immune system are the thymus and spleen
Describe the blood
a fluid system that contains cells and plasma. These structures work to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide along with water, electrolytes, hormones, carbohydrates, fats and proteins and wastes.
What is the cardiovascular system?
includes the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The function of the cardiovascular system is to transport blood.
What does the respiratory system consist and supply?
consists of the nasal cavity, lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The respiratory system supplies the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide.
What does the digestive system include?
mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines
What is the function of the digestive system?
receive, break-down, and absorb food. It also eliminates wastes.
What does the urinary system include?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
What is the function of the urinary system?
remove wastes, maintain water and electrolyte balance, and store and transport urine
What does the reproductive system do?
passes genetic information down to future generations as well as produce hormones that help the body to mature.
What is the epidermis?
Protecting the body from the outside as the outermost layer, keeping your skin hydrated, producing new skin cells, and determining your skin color
What is the dermis?
The middle layer of skin, contains collagen, blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings support and protect the skin and deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation, and aid in sensation
What is the hypodermis?
The innermost layer of skin, storing energy, connecting the dermis layer of your skin to your muscles and bones, insulating your body, and protecting your body from harm
What is the Dermal papillae?
Regulate hair growth, protrusions of dermal connective tissue in the epidermal layer
What are melanocytes?
produce and distribute melanin, which is a skin pigment
What is stratum corneum?
First line of defense against the environment
What is the stratum lucidum?
Thin somewhat translucent layer of cells lying superficial to the stratum granulosum and under the stratum corneum, found especially in thickened parts of the epidermis (as of the palms or the soles of the feet)
What is stratum granulosum?
Accumulate dense basophilic keratohyalin granules that contain lipids helping to form a waterproof barrier which prevents fluid loss from the body
What is stratum spinosum?
This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes held together by sticky proteins called desmosomes, helping make your skin flexible and strong
What is stratum basale?
Deepest of the five layers of the epidermis, contains the only layer where the proliferation of skin cells can occur and attaches epidermis to the dermis
How many layers does the epidermis have?
2 layers and a subcutaneous layer
What does the epidermis consist of?
stratified epithelium tissue arranged in layers called strata
What is the dermis?
Deep layer of the epidermis that contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings, providing strength and elasticity to the skin.
The deepest layer is the subcutaneous layer that consists of
loose connective tissue and adipose tissue along with blood vessels and nerves
The epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium arranged in:
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
How is the epidermis anchored to the dermis?
by means of a basement membrane
What are the cells of the stratum basale nourished by?
the blood vessels in the dermis
Describe the stratum corneum
the most superficial. layer of the epidermis and consists of cells that have been hardened with keratin
What is keratin?
Secreted by cells located in the deep layers of the epidermis called keratinocytes
What is stratum lucidum?
An additional layer that is found only in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and provides an added thickness of these layer
What is stratum granulosum?
Contains cells that have lost their nuclei and remain active and secrete keratin and granules inn their cytoplasm that harbor keratin
What is the stratum spinosum?
Contains cells called prickle cells and have small radiating processes that connect with other cells and Kertain is synthesized in this layer
What is the stratum basale?
This is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It consists of one layer of cells that divide and begin their migration to the superficial layers. This is the layer where basal cell cancer develops.
What is psoriasis?
A condition where keratinocytes rapidly divide and migrate to the stratum corneum, resulting in flaky, silvery scales, primarily on knees, elbows, and scalp.
What is a melanocyte?
A cell that produces melanin, giving skin its color, found in the deepest epidermis and superficial dermis
Describe Melanocytes
Melanocytes are skin cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, increase melanin production in response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and are also found in hair and the eye's middle layer and Malignant melanoma, a type of skin cancer, can develop from these cells.
Describe Vitamin D
Vitamin D, or cholecalciferol, is synthesized in the skin upon UV exposure and converted in the liver and kidneys to its active form and is essential for calcium absorption and transport in the intestines.
What is the dermis?
The middle layer of skin, contains collagen, blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings support and protect the skin and deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation, and aid in sensation
What is the hypodermis?
The innermost layer of skin, storing energy, connecting the dermis layer of your skin to your muscles and bones, insulating your body, and protecting your body from harm
