Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Key Concepts and Processes

Where is pyruvate produced by glycolysis moved if oxygen is present?

It is moved to the mitochondria for further processing.

What is photosynthesis?

A process used by plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy.

What components are required for photosynthesis?

Light energy, H₂O, CO₂.

What components are produced by photosynthesis?

Glucose and oxygen.

What is the location of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Thylakoid membrane.

What are the products of the light dependent reactions?

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH.

What are the reactants of the light independent reactions?

Carbon dioxide.

What is produced during the light independent reactions?

Glucose.

What two molecules produced by the light dependent reactions are used by the light independent reactions?

ATP and NADPH.

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Shortage of water or CO₂, temperature, light intensity.

What are the reactants needed for cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen.

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, ATP.

What is the difference in oxygen requirement between cellular respiration and fermentation?

Cellular respiration requires oxygen; fermentation does not.

How much ATP is produced in cellular respiration?

36-38 ATP.

What are the products of fermentation?

CO₂, ethanol, lactic acid.

What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen.

What process produces most of the energy in intense activity lasting half a minute?

Anaerobic glycolysis (glycolysis and fermentation).

What process produces most of the energy in activities lasting two minutes or more?

Aerobic respiration (cellular respiration).

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

The ETC uses energy from energized electrons to create an electrochemical gradient by pumping H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space, and ATP is produced as H+ moves back into the matrix through ATP synthase.