Vital Signs and Health Assessment Techniques

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17 Terms

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Five aspects of assessing a pulse

Rate, Rhythm, Volume, Character, Equality.

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Normal pulse rate for an adult

60-100 beats per minute (bpm).

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Steps involved in measuring blood pressure manually

Step 1: Get set up (wash hands, introduce yourself, obtain consent). Step 2: Check equipment (apply cuff, use palpation method, then auscultatory method). Step 3: Get the reading. Step 4: Check blood pressure in both arms, report findings, and thank the patient.

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What should be done before measuring blood pressure

Ensure the sphygmomanometer is at zero, use the correct cuff size, and position the patient properly.

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Importance of checking blood pressure in both arms

Checking in both arms helps detect any differences that could indicate underlying conditions, such as coarctation of the aorta.

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Normal respiratory rate for an adult

12-18 breaths per minute.

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How to measure respiratory rate

Count the number of breaths for 30 seconds and then multiply by 2.

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Normal oxygen saturation level for an adult

Normal oxygen saturation is greater than 95%.

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How oxygen saturation is measured

Oxygen saturation is measured using a pulse oximeter.

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Components involved in measuring blood pressure manually

The components include a sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, correct cuff size, and the palpation and auscultatory methods.

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BMI and how it is calculated

BMI is the ratio of weight to height squared, calculated as weight (kg) / height² (m²). For example, a 72kg male with a height of 1.76m has a BMI of 23.22 kg/m².

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Normal BMI range for an adult

The normal BMI range is 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m².

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Significance of waist circumference in assessing health

Waist circumference measures central adiposity, with higher measurements indicating increased risk for conditions like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

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Normal waist circumference for men and women

For men: <94cm (low risk), 94-102cm (high risk), >102cm (very high risk). For women: <80cm (low risk), 80-88cm (high risk), >88cm (very high risk).

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What to do if a patient cannot attend clinical skills labs

If a student cannot attend, they must email in advance.

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Key components of a healthy diet according to the WHO

A healthy diet includes balanced nutrition with fruits, vegetables, proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats.

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Role of physical activity in health

Physical activity reduces the risk of non-communicable diseases, improves cardiovascular health, lowers blood pressure, and supports mental well-being.