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Five aspects of assessing a pulse
Rate, Rhythm, Volume, Character, Equality.
Normal pulse rate for an adult
60-100 beats per minute (bpm).
Steps involved in measuring blood pressure manually
Step 1: Get set up (wash hands, introduce yourself, obtain consent). Step 2: Check equipment (apply cuff, use palpation method, then auscultatory method). Step 3: Get the reading. Step 4: Check blood pressure in both arms, report findings, and thank the patient.
What should be done before measuring blood pressure
Ensure the sphygmomanometer is at zero, use the correct cuff size, and position the patient properly.
Importance of checking blood pressure in both arms
Checking in both arms helps detect any differences that could indicate underlying conditions, such as coarctation of the aorta.
Normal respiratory rate for an adult
12-18 breaths per minute.
How to measure respiratory rate
Count the number of breaths for 30 seconds and then multiply by 2.
Normal oxygen saturation level for an adult
Normal oxygen saturation is greater than 95%.
How oxygen saturation is measured
Oxygen saturation is measured using a pulse oximeter.
Components involved in measuring blood pressure manually
The components include a sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, correct cuff size, and the palpation and auscultatory methods.
BMI and how it is calculated
BMI is the ratio of weight to height squared, calculated as weight (kg) / height² (m²). For example, a 72kg male with a height of 1.76m has a BMI of 23.22 kg/m².
Normal BMI range for an adult
The normal BMI range is 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m².
Significance of waist circumference in assessing health
Waist circumference measures central adiposity, with higher measurements indicating increased risk for conditions like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Normal waist circumference for men and women
For men: <94cm (low risk), 94-102cm (high risk), >102cm (very high risk). For women: <80cm (low risk), 80-88cm (high risk), >88cm (very high risk).
What to do if a patient cannot attend clinical skills labs
If a student cannot attend, they must email
Key components of a healthy diet according to the WHO
A healthy diet includes balanced nutrition with fruits, vegetables, proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats.
Role of physical activity in health
Physical activity reduces the risk of non-communicable diseases, improves cardiovascular health, lowers blood pressure, and supports mental well-being.