AP Physics Kinematics and Dynamics Equations

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and equations related to kinematics, dynamics, and energy principles essential for AP Physics.

Average Velocity (v̅)

(∆x) / (∆t).

Acceleration (a)

(∆v) / (∆t).

Displacement Equation (∆x)

∆x = ½(vf + vi)t.

Inclined Plane Force (Fll)

Fll = mg sin(Ɵ).

Normal Force (F┴)

F┴ = mg cos(Ɵ).

Efficiency (eff)

(Wout/Win) x 100% = (Pout/Pin) x 100%

Conservation of Energy

Ui + Ki +Wnc = Uf + Kf

Change in Momentum (∆p)

∆p = m∆v

Conservation of Momentum

(∑pi) = (∑pf).

Centripetal Force (Fc)

The force required to keep an object moving in a circular path, calculated as Fc = m(v²/r).

Velocity in Circular Motion (v)

The velocity of an object in circular motion can be calculated as v = 2πr/T

Shortcut for Vertical Circular Motion (v)

For maximum or minimum problem in vertical circular motion, velocity can be found using v = √(gr).

Kepler's 3rd Law

The law states that the ratio of the squares of the periods (T) of two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their semi-major axes (r), expressed as (Ta/Tb)² = (ra/rb)³.

Satellite Velocity Formula (v)

The velocity of a satellite in orbit is calculated by v = √(GM/r), where G is the gravitational constant and M is the mass of the celestial body.

Newton’s Version of Kepler’s 3rd Law (T)

The period of orbit for a satellite is given by T = 2π√(r³/GM), where G is the gravitational constant and M is the mass of the central body.

Gravitational Field Equation (P)

g = G(M/r²)

Pressure

The pressure at a depth in a fluid is given by P = P0 + P_Gauge, where P0 is atmospheric pressure.

Pascal’s Principle

(F1/A1) = (F2/A2)

Torricelli's Theorem (v)

The speed of efflux of a fluid under the influence of gravity through an orifice is given by v = √(2gh), where g is acceleration due to gravity and h is the height of fluid above the orifice.