PEDS ATI Ch 2 Physical Assessment Findings

Normal HR for newborn?

110–160 bpm — think 'fast new life.'

Normal RR for newborn?

30–60/min — think 'tiny lungs, fast breaths.'"

Normal BP for school-age child?

90–110/60–75 mmHg — think 'pressure rises as they grow.'

Normal temp for 3-month-old?

37.5°C (99.5°F) — think 'warm little body.'

When does the anterior fontanel close?

12–18 months — think 'front closes at one.'

When does the posterior fontanel close?

6–8 weeks — think 'back closes first.'

Infant head circumference growth?

Increases 2 cm/month for first 3 months — think 'rapid start.'

When does head circumference equal chest circumference?

By 1–2 years — think 'catch-up.'

Normal newborn weight loss after birth?

Up to 10% — think 'water weight drop.'

When should birth weight double?

By 6 months — think 'half-year double.'

When should birth weight triple?,

By 12 months — think 'one year, triple gear.'"

When should birth length increase by 50%?

By 12 months — think 'grow half taller.'

Normal growth rate for toddlers?

4–6 lb per year — think 'slow and steady.'

Normal head-to-body proportion for infants?

Head large relative to body — think 'big brain phase.'

What reflex disappears by 4 months?

Moro/startle reflex — think 'bye-bye jerk.'

What reflex disappears by 8 months?

Plantar reflex — think 'toes go down, then gone.'

What reflex disappears by 12 months?

"Babinski — think 'toes curl, time to walk.'"

When does object permanence develop?

9–10 months — think 'peekaboo age.'

When should infants begin teething?

Around 6 months — think 'drool tools appear.'

How many teeth by 1 year?

About 6–8 teeth — think 'smile with a few.'

Normal chest shape for infants?

Rounded — think 'baby barrel chest.'

Expected skin finding in newborns?

"Mottling, lanugo, milia — think 'normal newborn marks.'"

What causes a sunken fontanel?

Dehydration — think 'flat from fluid loss.'

What causes a bulging fontanel?

Increased ICP or crying — think 'pressure pops up.'

Normal visual milestone by 3 months?

Follows moving object — think 'track the toy.'

Normal hearing response in newborn?

Startles to loud sound — think 'survival instinct.'

What is strabismus?

Crossed eyes — think 'need alignment check.'

Normal HR range for toddler?

90–140 bpm — think 'still speedy heart.'

Normal RR for toddler?

25–30/min — think 'slows as lungs grow.'

Normal HR for preschooler?

80–110 bpm — think 'steady rhythm.'

Normal RR for preschooler?

20–25/min — think 'slow and smooth.'

When to switch from head to chest circumference tracking?

After age 2 — think 'body growth takes lead.'

How to assess ear in child under 3?

Pull pinna down and back — think 'down for young.'

How to assess ear in child over 3?

Pull pinna up and back — think 'up for grown-up.'

Best place to check pulse in infant?

Apical for 1 full minute — think 'heart center check.'

How to count respirations in infants?

Observe abdomen — think 'belly breathers.'

Expected behavior for stranger anxiety?

Starts 6–8 months — think 'mom only phase.'

Expected behavior for separation anxiety?

Begins 4–8 months — think 'cry when gone.'

Normal vision in newborn?

Can see 8–10 inches — think 'just mom’s face.'

When does 20/20 vision develop?

By 6 years — think 'school ready sight.'

How to measure length of infant?

Recumbent (lying down) — think 'flat to measure true.'

How to measure height of older child?

Standing — think 'stand tall.'

What tool measures head circumference?

Nonstretch tape above eyebrows — think 'same spot each time.'

Best time for physical assessment?

Between naps and feeds — think 'happy baby time.'

Assessment sequence for infants?

Least to most invasive — think 'save scary for last.'

Assessment sequence for older child?

Head to toe — think 'like an adult.'

Main purpose of growth charts?

"Track patterns over time — think 'compare to self, not others.'"