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Foreign Competition. (who from)
USA and Germany.
Lack of Investment. (War material contracts)
War material contracts ended in 1919.
Outdated Technology (coal)
1/5 of coal was cut by machine in 1920.
Poor Industrial relations (their own workers and debt)
Many strikes. The gov prioritised paying off their debts to the US.
Loss of markets (volume of trade)
1913 VOT > 1929 VOT
What was happening to the demand for coal?
It was falling!
Why? (2 reasons)
Electricity and oil >>
Dated methods.
Who could get it faster and cheaper?
Germany and Poland.
What were the problems with shipbuilding?
There was no call for mew ships.
The demand for oil ships could not be met.