Chp 4 study

First Wave of Indochinese Refugee Migration

Refers to the migration from 1975 to 1980, primarily due to the fall of Saigon, involving refugees fleeing communism.

Second Wave of Indochinese Refugee Migration

A later wave in the 1980s characterized by diverse refugees escaping ongoing turmoil, involving economic migrants and ethnic minorities.

VOLAGS

Voluntary Agencies that provide support, housing, and integration services to refugees.

Secondary Migration

The movement of refugees to areas with existing refugee populations after initial settlement.

Chain Migration

The process where immigrants sponsor family members to join them in the U.S.

Indochina Immigration and Refugee Act 1975

Legislation facilitating refugee resettlement post-Vietnam War.

Refugee Act of 1980

Legislation that standardized the process of refugee resettlement in the U.S.

Proxy Wars

Conflicts during the Cold War where opposing sides were supported by the U.S. and USSR, causing instability in Southeast Asia.

Patron-Client Regimes

Systems where local elites offer protection in exchange for loyalty, contributing to instability.

Containment

U.S. foreign policy aimed at preventing communism's spread, resulting in military interventions and refugee crises.

Deindustrialization

The decline of manufacturing and industrial jobs in the U.S. due to outsourcing.

Transition to Service Economy

The shift from a manufacturing-based economy to one focused on services like finance and healthcare.

Push Factors for Korean Immigration

Political instability and economic opportunities in the U.S. led to increased Korean immigration in the 1980s.

Economic Globalization

The integration of South Asia into the global economy, with migration driven by demand for skilled workers.

H1B Visa Workers

Highly skilled South Asian immigrants who entered the U.S. under the H1B visa program.

Transnationalism

The process where immigrants maintain social, economic, and political connections with their home countries.

Dual Incorporation

The ability of immigrants to engage in both their home country and the U.S. simultaneously.

Transnational Families

Families who maintain connections and economic ties across countries due to globalization.

Agency

The capacity of individuals to make choices and act independently.

Structural Factors

Social, economic, and political elements that shape people's opportunities and choices.

Model Minority

The stereotype that Asian Americans are highly successful, which can create unrealistic expectations.

Racial Tensions

Conflicts and hierarchies arising from the model minority stereotype, affecting perceptions of other minorities.

Invisibility of Struggles

The tendency to overlook the challenges faced by lower-income Asian American communities.

Glass Ceiling

Barriers preventing Asian Americans from advancing to senior leadership positions despite high education levels.

Ethnoburbs

Suburban ethnic enclaves formed by immigrant groups, responding to deindustrialization and globalization.

US Colonialism in the Philippines

Colonial rule from 1898 to 1946, leading to the establishment of Filipino communities in places like San Diego.

Panethnicity

Grouping distinct ethnic groups under 'Asian American', which oversimplifies diverse cultural backgrounds.

Economic Opportunities in the U.S.

Factors that attract immigrants seeking better labor and educational advancements.

Filipino Nurses

Immigrants maintaining familial ties while working in the U.S. and sending remittances back home.

Split Families

Families where one or more members live in the U.S. for better opportunities while others remain in their home country.

Integration Services

Support provided by agencies and organizations to help refugees assimilate into their new communities.

Southeast Asian Refugees

Refugees from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia who fled to the U.S. due to conflict and instability.

Community Building

The process of refugees establishing support networks and tight-knit communities in their new country.

Educational Attainment

The level of education achieved, which can vary widely among different Asian American groups.

Economic Globalization Impact

The significant migration of skilled South Asians due to integration into the global economy.

Labor Opportunities

Job availability in the U.S., which is a major pull factor for immigrant families.

Cultural Differences

Variability among Asian American groups that goes beyond the simplification of a singular 'Asian culture'.

Success and Challenges

The dichotomy between the perceived success of Asian Americans and the real socioeconomic challenges faced by many.