Cellular Respiration

Steps of aerobic cellular respiration

1. Glycolsis

2. Krebs cycle/ citric acid cycle

3. Electron transport chain

What does Glycolysis do?

Glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH. This occurs in the cytoplasm

How much ATP is produced in Glycolysis?

nets 2. (total is 4)

How much NADH is produced in glycosis

2 NADH.

what is NADH

an electron and proton carrier that helps produce ATP during cellular respiration.

Amount of pyruvates after being broken?

2 pyruvates are produced from one glucose molecule.

What does the Krebs cycle do?

the 2 pyruvates from glycolsis get broken down in the mitochondria into acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.

Krebs cycle process

1. pyruvate enters mitochondria and is converted into acetyl-CoA

2. Acetyl-CoA combine with 4-carbon compound producing 6-carbon molecule (citric acid)

3. energy is generated in the form of NADH, FADH2, and ATP while carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.

How many FADH2 is produced

each turn produces 1

2x turns produces 2 FADH2 molecules.

How many NADH carries are produced in the citric acid cycle

per turn is 3 NADH

2x turns are 6 NADH molecules

FAD →

FADH2

NAD+ →

NADH

whats the waste product in the Krebs cycle

Carbon dioxide (6)

How much ATP is produced in Krebs cycle?

2 ATP

whats the enzyme that breaks down the pyruvate?

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

mitochondria

How does ATP → ADP

a phosphate is broken off through dehydration synthesis

What is the electron transport chain (ETC)?

final step in the breakdown of glucose where the most ATP is produced

Where does the ETC occur?

In the mitochondria membrane

ETC process

oxygen combines with electrons(e-) and hydrogens(h+) to form water and makes ATP

How is ATP produced in the electron transport chain

when the hydrogen ions flow through the ATP synthase, driving the conversion of ADP to ATP

How much ATP is produced in ETC

32 ATP

Whats anaerobic respiration?

A process that produces energy without oxygen, resulting in lactic acid or ethanol and fewer ATP compared to aerobic respiration.

Lactic Acid fermentation

pyruvite and NADH→lactic acid + NAD+

used in muscles and for some food production

What happens to muscles during lactic acid fermentation?

because of low oxygen the muscles become sore and painful.

Alcoholic fermentation

pyruvate and NADH→ethanol + NAD+ CO2

used to make bread and brewing industry.

Cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

How much ATP is produced in aerobic respiration

36 ATP

In eukaryotes most ATP is produced in the..

mitochondria

In prokaryotes most ATP is produced in the..

cytoplasm