Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Cognition
Mental processes involved in gaining knowledge, understanding, and thinking.
Metacognition
Thinking about your own thinking, like being aware of how you learn or solve problems.
Concept
A general idea or category for similar things or ideas.
Prototype
The most typical example of a concept.
Schema
A mental framework for organizing and interpreting information.
Assimilation
Taking in new information without changing your schema.
Accommodation
Adjusting your schema to include new information.
Executive functions
Brain processes that help with planning, organizing, and achieving goals.
Algorithm
A step-by-step method for solving problems that always gives the correct answer.
Heuristic
A shortcut or rule of thumb for solving problems quickly but not always accurately.
Representative Heuristic
Judging something based on how similar it is to a stereotype.
Availability Heuristic
Judging something based on examples that come to mind easily.
Mental Set
Using solutions that worked in the past without trying new ones.
Priming
Exposure to something that influences your decisions or actions later.
Framing
The way information is presented affects decisions.
Nudge
A small change in how choices are presented to influence decisions.
Gambler's fallacy
Believing that past events affect future random outcomes.
Sunk-cost fallacy
Continuing a decision due to already invested time or money.
Functional fixedness
Seeing objects only for their intended use.
Insight
A sudden realization of the solution to a problem.
Confirmation Bias
Focusing on information that supports your beliefs.
Fixation
Being stuck on one way of solving a problem.
Intuition
Making decisions based on gut feelings instead of logic.
Overconfidence
Overestimating your knowledge or abilities.
Belief perseverance
Sticking to your beliefs even when proven wrong.
Creativity
Thinking of new and original ideas.
Divergent Thinking
Generating multiple solutions to a problem.
Convergent Thinking
Narrowing down multiple ideas to find the best solution.
Intelligence
The ability to learn, understand, and solve problems.
General Intelligence (g)
A single underlying ability that influences performance across all tasks.
Factor Analysis
A statistical method to identify related abilities or skills.
Fluid Intelligence (Gf)
The ability to think quickly and solve new problems without relying on past knowledge.
Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)
Knowledge and skills acquired through experience and education.
Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory
A theory combining fluid and crystallized intelligence with multiple cognitive abilities.
Multiple Intelligences
A theory suggesting intelligence includes many abilities like musical, spatial, or interpersonal skills.
Savant Syndrome
When a person with mental disabilities has an exceptional skill in one area.
Grit
Perseverance and passion for long-term goals.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to understand and manage your emotions and those of others.
Stanford-Binet
One of the first intelligence tests, measuring reasoning and problem-solving skills.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
A score that measures a person’s mental abilities compared to others.
Mental Age
The age level at which someone performs on an intelligence test.
Wechsler-Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
A widely used test for measuring adult intelligence, focusing on verbal and performance skills.
Psychometrics
The field of study focused on measuring psychological traits, like intelligence.
Standardization
Ensuring a test is consistent and fair for everyone who takes it.
Normal Curve
A bell-shaped graph showing how traits like intelligence are distributed in a population.
Valid
A test measures what it’s supposed to measure.
Content Validity
The test covers all the important parts of what it’s supposed to measure.
Construct Validity
The test measures the concept it claims to measure.
Predictive Validity
The test predicts future performance or behavior.
Reliable
A test gives consistent results over time.
Test-Retest Reliability
Getting the same results when retaking a test.
Split-half Reliability
Consistency in a test when comparing two halves of the questions.
Stereotype threat
Anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype can affect performance.
Stereotype lift
Performing better because of a positive stereotype.
Flynn effect
The rise in average IQ scores over generations due to societal improvements.
Cross-sectional study
A study comparing different groups at the same time.
Longitudinal study
A study observing the same group over a long period.
Cohort
A group of people studied or sharing a characteristic.
Achievement Tests
Tests measuring knowledge or skills in a specific subject.
Aptitude Tests
Tests predicting future performance or ability.
Fixed Mindset
Belief that intelligence and abilities are unchangeable.
Growth Mindset
Belief that intelligence and abilities can develop with effort.
