Counseling Quiz #2

promoting healthy attitudes

A central theme to all counseling is locus of control. J.B. Rotter, a social psychologist, developed a scale to measure whether an individual has an internal, or external, locus of control

internally controlled people

tend to feel they have personal power and can control their destiny

externally controlled people

tend to feel they are controlled by others and things just happen as luck or fate

locus of control

• thought of as a continuum, with most people falling somewhere between the two extremes

• luterman believes while listening to clients, you can get an understanding of their _____

• counseling seeks to empower clients by moving the _____ in an inward direction

empowering clients to take responsibility- use silence

this places responsibility on the client to act, to participate in the interaction

• moves the client to act

• allows a client to reflect on what has been said and if there is more to say

• allows a time-out, after an emotionally charged interaction, to allow the client to think about, and experience, the feelings they have just brought to the surface

confirming responsibility- contracting with the client

• client tells what they want from the clinician

• clinician is explicit about what he/she will and will not do

• openly discuss expectations, negotiate if appropriate

• if a mutually effective contract cannot be arrived at, then refer them to another professional

counseling is a response

listen to understand

content response

• establishes clinician credibility

• it is necessary to make decisions

• it helps separate fact from opinion

affect response (empathetic listening)

• caring is conveyed in our willingness to listen to the meaning, be responsive to what is being said, and possibly what the client can’t quite bring their self to put into words

• may be chosen due to the tone of voice or body language observed in the interaction

counter question

• advice seeking client

• sends the client back to their own resources and knowledge, or to reveal their position on an issue

• may empower the client to find the right answer themselves

  “will I have to be present when you test my husbad”

  “are cochlear implants any good?”

reframing

• this technique may help a client look at the positive side of a problem

• it can help to discover strengths where only weaknesses were seen

• it may help a client consider an issue from a different view point

  “there are no support groups for stroke in my county”

  “what good am I”

sharing self

• sometimes it is helpful to share our own doubts, and uncertainties

• sometimes it makes us more approachable if we can share from our own personal story as it relates to the moment

• sometimes the most helpful thing to say is “I don’t know, do you have any ideas”

affirmation

• creating an atmosphere of openness, so the client can talk and express their feelings

• creating an atmosphere so the client can share without being judged

neither good nor bad, they just are

Luterman says feelings are _____

denial, anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance

kubler ross grief cycle

denial

behaviors

• shock

• fear

• avoidance

• rationalizing

• excuse making

clinician responses

• empathize

• letting them tell their story

• listen

• offering opportunities to explore and clarify feelings

• indirect teaching

anger

behaviors

• violation of expectations

• frustration

• loss of control

• “why me”

• irritation over minor things

• questioning legitimacy of treatment

• inconsistent attendance or follow through

clinician responses

• allow clients to ventilate feelings

• empathize

• discuss expectations

• discuss responsibilities

depression

behaviors

• realizations that I can’t be fixed

• expressions of inadequacy

• expressions of being overwhelmed

• mood swings, crying

• withdrawal

• sporadic attendance

clinician responses

• encourage talk about their feelins

• empathize

• discuss the expectations the client places on themselves

bargaining

behaviors

• searching to find meaning

• telling their story

• enlisting others in the journey

clinician responses

• listen

• empathize

• obtain information about clients routines or functioning

• provide information that is specific and can be absorbed

• help to clarify ideas

acceptance

behaviors

• acknowledgement of the disability

• putting the disorder into life perspective

• learning to live life to the fullest in the face of the disorder

clinician responses

• help clients to discover ways of coping

• help in prioritizing obligations

• help to break bigger problems into sets of smaller more manageable goals

empathy

identification of and understanding of another’s situation, feelings, and motives

content response examples

“there are no adequate services for my child”

R: let me tell you what I know is available and give you a local directory.

“I feel very inadequate in changing the batteries in his hearing aid”

R: I have a great diagram that we can use, as the two of us pracitce changing the battery”

affect response examples

“if this was your child what would you do?”

R: it sounds like you are feeling anxious right now.

“my husband’s family is very unemotional”

R: that must leave you feeling very alone

counter question examples

“will I have to be present when you test my husbad?”

R: Would you like to be present?
“Are cochlear implants any good?”

R: what have you heard about implants?

reframing examples

“there are no support groups for stroke in my county”

R: you are correct. what a wonderful opportunity to come together with others and start one in your community”

“what good am I”
R: you ar egiving your daughters a chance to repay you for all the care you gave to them

sharing self examples

“I am so afraid I won’t know what to do or say when that end moment comes”

R: I had those same fears last year at the bedside of my father when he died. I…”

“how will i find quality services when we move to florida?”
R: when my family and i first moved to this community I made contact with…

affirmation examples

“I had to interpret everything the doctor said to my husbad”

R: that must have been hard

“Will my baby ever learn to speak?”

"R: it must be so hard to live with this uncertainty