chapter 10: male reproductive system/ sti's

ductus deferens

the tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra 

epididymis

the coiled tubule that lies against the testes; serves as the location for sperm maturation and storage

glans/ glans penis

the rounded tip at the distal end of the penis

penile

pertaining to the penis

penis

male sex organ for copulation

prepuce

foreskin; the fold of skin that covers the glans penis or the female clitoris

prostate gland 

the gland at the base of the male bladder surrounding the urethra 

scrotum

a retractable sac containing the testes; retractibility and extension of this sac is required because spermatogenesis requires a lower temperature 

testicle/ testis

singular male gonad

testicles/ testes

plural male gonads

androgens

male sex hormones; initiate the development of male physical characteristics like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone 

ejaculation

the powerful expulsion of semen from the penis

genitalia/ genitals

external and internal organs of reproduction

gonad

the male or female reproductive organ that produce reproductive cells like testes or ovaries 

perineum

area that extends from below the external genitalia and the anus

pubic region/ genital region

the area of the external genitals

semen

a mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the accessory glands

sexual intercourse/ coitus/ copulation

the insertion of the penis into the vagina

sperm

mature male sex cell

testosterone

the primary male androgen 

anorchidism

the absence of one or both testicles; could be due to trauma, doesn’t infer congenital condition 

aspermia

condition of no sperm 

balanitis

inflammation of the glans and prepuce of the penis

balanorrhea

a discharge, often purulent, from the glans penis due to an infection

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in males over 50

cryptorchidism

failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

epispadias

the urethral meatus is located on the dorsum/ upper surface of the shaft of the penis instead of the tip of the glans

impotence/ erectile dysfunction

inability to achieve an erection or maintain an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse 

oligospermia

scanty amount/ deficient numbers of sperm in the semen

orchialgia/ testalgia

testicular pain

orchitis

inflammation of the testis

phimosis

narrowing or tightening of the prepuce so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis 

priapism

a persistent and painful erection of the penis

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate

sterility

not capable of producing offspring; a man’s inability to impregnate a fertile female after a year of intercourse due to issues with sperm production, quality, or transport 

testicular hydrocele

a swelling in the scrotum caused by a buildup of fluid around the testicle; can be due to injury, inflammation, or infection 

testicular torsion 

a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord, which reduces or cuts off blood flow; a medical emergency due to the risk of losing a testicle 

digital rectal exam

assessment of the size and texture of the prostate gland by inserting fingers unto the anus to palpate the prostate gland through the rectal wall

castration

removal of the testicles

condom

cover for the penis that creates a barrier to the release of sperm; one of the barrier contraceptives 

circumcision

surgical removal of the prepuce

orchidopexy

surgical fixation (reattachment in the correct position) to move an undescended testis into the scrotum; used to treat cryptorchidism 

transurethral reaction of the prostate (TURP)

a surgical procedure used to remove portions of the prostate gland by accessing it through the urethra

vasectomy

excision of a segment off the ductus deferens to inhibit release of sperm

vasovasostomy

surgical procedure that reverses a vasectomy

candidiasis

a yeast infection that affects mostly women; extreme itching and/ or soreness and redness in the vaginal area, white, clumpy vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese

chlamydia

one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease; known as the “silent epidemic” because it is largely asymptomatic in women

genital herpes

can show up as cold sores or fever blisters, as well as patches of vesicles in the genital or anal area that may spread to other parts of the body 

gonorrhea

associated with a yellowish-green penile or vaginal discharge; called: “the clap” or “the drip”

hepatitis b (HBV)

most common form of hepatitis spread from sexual intercourse; also spread when sharing needles 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

a virus that attacks the immune system

human papilloma virus (HPV)

the most common sexually transmitted infection; most concerning are the strains that lead to cervical cancer

syphilis

a bacterial sexually transmitted disease; four-stages of this disease; most frequently associated with a firm, round painless sore or a chancre