med term ch. 9-10

alveol/o

air sac, alveolus

bronch/o, bronch/i

airway, bronchus

laryng/o

voice box, larynx

lob/o

a rounded part, lobe

muc/o

mucus

nas/o, rhin/o

nose

ox/i

oxygen

pharyng/o

throat, pharynx

phragm/o, phragmat/o

partition

pleur/o

rib, pleura

pneum/o, pneumon/o

air, lung

sept/o

wall, partition

sinus/o

cavity

thorac/o

chest, thorax

trache/o

windpipe, trachea

alveoli

site of gas exchange

capn/o

carbon dioxide

orth/o

straight

-algia, -dynia

condition of pain

-oxia

condition of oxygen

-phonia

condition of sound or voice

-ptysis

to cough up

-staxis

dripping

aphonia

without voice

cheyne stokes respiration

a repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing and apnea

dysphonia

hoarse voice

epistaxis

a nosebleed

hemoptysis

coughing up and spitting up blood

hemothorax

the pooling of blood in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

hypercapnia

excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood; respiratory failure

hypoxemia

abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood

laryngospasm

the closure of the glottis due to muscular contractions of the throat

orthopnea

limited ability to breathe when lying down

paroxysm

sudden onset of symptomatic sharp pain or a convulsion

sputum

mucus, inhaled particles, and sometimes pus or blood

thoracalgia

pain in the chest region

atel/o

incomplete

coni/o

dust

embol/o

plug

glott/o

opening into the windpipe

myc/o

fungus

py/o

pus

tubercul/o

little swelling

-ectasis

expansion, dilation

asphyxia

the absence of respiratory ventilation

atelectasis

lung collapse

bronchiectasis

abnormal dilation of the bronchi

bronchogenic carcinoma

an agressive form of cancer arising from cells witing the bronchi

bronchopneumonia

an acute inflammatory disease involving the bronchioles and the alveoli

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

a reduced flow of air to and from the alveoli in the lungs

coccidioidomycosis

valley fever; caused by inhaling spores of the fungal pathogen

coryza

common cold

cystic fibrosis

fibrosis and cysts that form in the pancreas

emphysema

chronic lung disease characterized by the symptoms of dyspnea, a chronic cough formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing, and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia

legionellosis

a form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia

nasopharyngitis

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

pertussis

immense cough; an acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces a cough

pleural effusion

fluid leaks into the pleural cavity

pleuritis

inflammation of the pleural membranes

pneumoconiosis

inflammation of the lungs caused by the inhalation of fine particles

pneumonia

inflammation of soft lung tissue that results in exudate in the lungs

pneumonitis

inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause

pneumothorax

the abnormal presences of air or gas within the pleural cavity

pulmonary edema

accumulation of fluid within the lungs is a response to infection or injury

pulmonary embolism

a blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot

pyothorax

the presence of pus in the pleural cavity

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

causes severe lung infections or injury that results in damage to lung capillary walls and bronchioles

rhinitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity

severe acute respiratory syndrome

rapid onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis (SARS)

tracheostenosis

inflammation that leads to a narrowing of the trachea

tuberculosis

infection of the lungs by the bacterium myobacterium tuberculosis

spir/o

breathe

-oid

resembling

expectorant

a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus

pleurocentesis

the surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity

pulmonary angiography

a diagnostic procedure that evaluates the blood circulation of the lungs

re-

back

flux/o

flow

halit/o

breath

peps/o, pept/o

digestion

steat/o

fat

ascites

an accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces and enlarged abdomen

dyspepsia

indigestion

halitosis

bad breath

hematemesis

vomiting blood

hepatomegaly

abnormally large liver

nausea

urge to vomit

reflux

back flow

steatorrhea

discharge of fat

cheil/o

lip

chol/o

bile, gall

choledoch/o

common bile duct

cirrh/o

orange

enter/o

small intestine

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o

tongue

lith/o

stone

orex/o

appetite

parot/o

parotid gland

polyp/o

small growth