Endocrine System Functions

What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger released into the blood that causes a response in cells with receptors for it.

What is a target cell?

A cell that responds to a hormone, nerve signal, or chemical messenger.

What is an endocrine gland?

A ductless gland that releases hormones into the bloodstream (ex: thyroid, adrenal glands).

What is an endocrine organ?

An organ that produces and releases hormones (ex: pancreas, liver).

What are endocrine glands?

Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Do only endocrine glands secrete hormones?

No—all organ systems secrete hormones, not just the classic endocrine glands.

What does the endocrine system do to regulate metabolism?

It controls how the body uses energy, nutrients, and calories.

How does the endocrine system support reproductive function?

It regulates reproductive hormones, fertility, and sexual functions.

How does the endocrine system influence growth and development?

It controls growth, cell development, and body maturation through hormones like growth hormone and thyroid hormone.

How does the endocrine system help with stress response?

It releases hormones like cortisol and epinephrine to help the body manage stress.

How does the endocrine system regulate mood and emotions?

It affects mood through hormones that influence brain activity, such as serotonin and dopamine-related hormones.

How does the endocrine system support immune system regulation?

It releases hormones that influence immune cell activity and inflammation.

How does the endocrine system regulate the sleep-wake cycle?

It controls sleep patterns through hormones like melatonin.

How does the nervous system communicate?

Through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters

How does the endocrine system communicate?

Through hormones released into the blood stream

Is the nervous system fast or slow?

Very fast (milliseconds)

Is the endocrine system fast or slow?

Slower (seconds to hours), but effects last longer

Are nervous system effects short-lived or long-lasting?

Short-lived and immediate

Are endocrine system effects short-lived or long-lasting?

Long-lasting and widespread

What type of control does the nervous system have?

Direct, specific control of muscles and glands.

What type of control does the endocrine system have?

Broad, long-term control of body processes like growth and metabolism.