APUSH Units 1-3

Vocabulary flashcards for US History review.

New England Colonies Characteristics

Dense forests, rocky soil, deadly winters, little disease, great natural harbors.

Middle Colonies Characteristics

Temperate climate, fertile soil for staple crops, natural harbors.

Southern Colonies Characteristics

Tropical climate, fertile soil for cash crops, disease risk, natural harbors.

1491 Significance

Year before Columbus arrives.

1607 Significance

Jamestown was established.

First Periodization Unit Details (1491-1607)

European Colonization, increased interactions between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans.

1754 Significance

French and Indian War begins.

Second Periodization Unit Details (1607-1754)

The development of diverse British colonies.

1800 Significance

Jefferson Wins presidency

Third Periodization Unit Details (1754-1800)

The American Revolution, building a new republic.

1848 Significance

Americans win Mexican American War

1877 Significance

Reconstruction ends

1898 Significance

American wins Spanish American War

1945 Significance

WWII Ends, Beginning of Cold War

1980 Significance

Reagan Wins Presidency

Economic Causes of Colonial Tension

Taxes to pay for the French and Indian War, mercantilism.

Mercantilism

Colony exports raw materials to England; England manufactures goods and sells them back.

Political Causes of Colonial Tension

"No taxation without Representation", Sugar, Stamp, Townshend, Tea, and Intolerable/Coercive Acts.

Intolerable/Coercive Acts

Response to the Boston Tea Party; closed Boston harbor, required quartering of soldiers.

Ideological Causes of Colonial Tension

The Enlightenment, Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'.

'Common Sense'

Pamphlet encouraging support for a fairer government.

French and Indian War

Also known as the Seven Years' War; British expansion into French territory.

Proclamation of 1763

Boundary along the Appalachian Mountains to prevent colonists from moving into 'Indian Country'.

Committees of Correspondence

Increased colonial communication, led to the 'Sons and Daughters of Liberty'.

The Sons of Liberty

Challenged British authority, boycotted their goods.

The Daughters of Liberty

Home spinners; Sewed their Clothes

Boston "Massacre"

Patriots beat up a lone redcoat who called for help. After one scared soldier fired musket the rest follow. One of the shots killing Crispus Attucks who was a former slave and one of the first to die in the American Revolution.

Boston Tea Party

Sons of Liberty dumped 92,000 pounds of tea into the harbor; resulted in the Intolerable/Coercive Acts.

The 1st Continental Congress

In Philadelphia (1774) leaders of 12/13 colonies came together to coordinate a resistance.

Battle of Lexington & Concord

Brits marched to Concord Massachusetts to seize weapons. Paul Revere warned them. The start of the American Revolution

The 2nd Continental Congress

Where the Colonial leaders met to raise a continental army, George Washington= Leader and wrote Declaration of Independence. Brit sends THOUSANDS of troops.

Articles of Confederation

The first "Draft" of the Constitution, creating a weak central government

Flaws of the Articles of Confederation

Needed 9/13 votes to pass a law, couldn't levy taxes, no federal military.

Shay's Rebellion (1786)

Increased taxes in Massachusetts led to rebellion, showed weakness of Articles of Confederation.

Constitutional Convention

55 delegates met in Philadelphia to build their government.

Three Branch System

Legislative (makes laws), Executive (enforces laws), Judicial (determines constitutionality).

The Great Compromise

Bicameral Congress: House (population-based), Senate (2 representatives per state).

3/5 Compromise

Every 5 slaves counted as 3 people (for representation in the House).

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments, added to please Anti-Federalists, protects individual liberties.

National Bank (1791)

Proposed by A. Hamilton to stimulate economy, opposed by Jefferson, signed by Washington.

Whiskey Rebellion

Farmers attacked tax collectors over federal whiskey tax, Washington used military to squash rebels.

Washington's Farewell Address

1. DON'T get too involved in foreign affairs 2. DON'T fall into sectionalism 3. DON'T create political parties.

Federalists

Loose interpretation of the Constitution, strong federal government (A. Hamilton); Wealthy, educated

Democratic-Republicans

Strict interpretation of the Constitution, state rights (T. Jefferson); Rural farmers and Artisans

Anti-Federalist

Want power in the states instead of the central gov. They prefer the articles of Confederation instead of the Constitution.

Federalist

Advocate/want a strong central gov. and weaker state gov.

FIRST ERA of periodization

Colonization and Revolution

SECOND ERA of periodization

Expansion and Civil War

THIRD ERA of periodization

Rise of the American Empire

FOURTH ERA of periodization

Cold War, Civil Rights and Globalization