Patho Exam 3 Practice Questions from Powerpoints / Study Guide book

1.Which of the following is characteristic of the megaloblastic anemias?

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A.Small cell size

B.Decreased thickness

C.Presence of macrocytes

D.Caused by increased folate

C: Presence of macrocytes

2.Which of the following terms best describes a higher-than-normal white blood cell count?

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A.Neutrophilia

B.Leukopenia

C.Leukocytosis

D.Granulocytosis

C.Leukocytosis

3.Thrombocytopenia commonly is seen with which condition?

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A.Multiple myeloma

B.Hemolytic anemia

C.Non-Hodgkin lymphomas

D.Disseminated intravascular coagulation

D.Disseminated intravascular coagulation

The treatment for iron overload is:

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A.Vitamin C supplements

B.Phlebotomy

C.Aspirin

D.Plasmapheresis

B.Phlebotomy

1.Severe and chronic hypertension can lead to which of the following?

A.Anemia

B.Glaucoma

C.Coronary artery disease

D.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

C.Coronary artery disease

2.A client is complaining of having intermittent "chest pain" after exercise. This is most likely caused by which of the following?

A.Mitral valve prolapse

B.Infective endocarditis

C.Inflammation of the pericardium

D.Atherosclerotic plaque progression

D.Atherosclerotic plaque progression

3.A client has adequate intravascular volume but is experiencing decreased cardiac output and tissue hypoxia. Which type of shock is occurring?

A.Neurogenic

B.Cardiogenic

C.Hypovolemic

D.Anaphylactic

B.Cardiogenic

Choose the correct words:

15. When plasma volume increases to compensate for anemia, the blood viscosity (increases, decreases), which causes blood flow to be (sluggish, turbulent).

decreases; turbulent

Choose the correct word:

17. Folate deficiency anemia is associated with chronic malnourishment and chronic abuse of (cocaine, alcohol).

alcohol

Choose the correct words:

19. The incidence of iron deficiency anemia is (lowest, highest) in women during their reproductive years and increases, decreases) after menopause.

highest; decreases

Choose the correct words:

25. All types of leukemia are characterized by uncontrolled (production, destruction) of white blood cells in the (blood, bone marrow, which thereby (decreases, increases) the amount and function of erythrocytes and platelets.

production; bone-marrow; decreases

29. People who have thrombocythemia have a higher increased risk for (bleeding, clotting), although the other event also may occur.

clotting

14. Young children with sickle cell anemia may develop _______________ crisis when large amounts of blood pool in the spleen and liver, potentially causing death.

sequestration

17. The most common leukemia in children is acute _______________ leukemia, which causes bone marrow ________________ with pallor, fatigue, purpura, bleeding, and fever.

lymphoblastic; failure

19. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by __________________ enlargement of supraclavicular or cervical lymph nodes and has some association with Epstein-Barr ________________.

painless; virus

20. Childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma can arise from any _____________ tissue and therefore has signs and symptoms that are specific to its location.

lymphoid

Choose the correct word:

19. The right atrioventricular valve has (two, three) cusps and is called the (tricuspid, mitral) valve; the left atrioventricular valve has (two, three) cusps and is called the (tricuspid, mitral) valve.

three; tricuspid; two; mitral

Choose the correct word:

25. Veins have (thinner, thicker) walls than arteries and are (less, more) compliant: valves are located in (both arteries and veins, veins only

thinner; more; veins only

Choose the correct word:

28. Cardiovascular changes in older adults include myocardial wall (dilation, stiffening) and (decreased, increased) afterload.

stiffening; increased

30. Which has a faster spontaneous depolarization rate: SA node or AV node?

SA Node

31. Which has a faster spontaneous depolarization rate: AV node or Purkinje fibers?

AV Node

32. Which causes a faster heart rate: sympathetic nerve firing or parasympathetic nerve firing?

Sympathetic Nerve Firing

33. Which is faster: blood flow in a capillary or blood flow in an arteriole?

Blood flow in an arteriole

55. The aortic and pulmonary valves are the _______________ valves, and they each have _____________ cusps.

semilunar; three

56. The ____________ side of the heart is a high-pressure system, and the ___________ side of the heart is a low-pressure system.

left; right

57. The ___________ arteries bring oxygenated blood to the myocardium; venous blood from the myocardium empties into the _____________ atrium.

coronary; right

Choose the correct law: (Laplace law, Frank-Starling law of the heart)

Within limits, a greater end-diastolic volume will produce a greater contractile force during systole.

Frank-Starling law of the heart

Choose the correct law: (Laplace law, Frank-Starling law of the heart)

The amount of tension generated in a cardiac chamber or vessel to produce a given internal pressure varies directly with the radius and inversely with the wall thickness.

Laplace law

60. A clot in a blood vessel that breaks loose and circulates is called a _____________.

thromboembolis

6l. Sluggish circulation from chronic venous insufficiency may cause a venous __________ ulcer.

stasis

62. Sustained hypertension causes left ventricular _____________ and coronary artherosclerosis, thus increasing the risk for _____________.

hypertrophy; myocardial infarction

63. Orthostatic hypotension, also called ____________ hypotension, is a systolic blood pressure decrease of at least _____________ mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure decrease of at least __________ mm Hg within three minutes of standing and is a significant risk factor for ________________.

postural; 20; 10; falls

65. The risk factors for peripheral arterial disease are the same as the risk factors for _____________; the risk factors for coronary artery disease are the same as the risk factors for ______________.

atherosclerosis; atherosclerosis

66. Clot formation at the site of rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque causes tissue _____________, which leads to _________________ if blood flow is not restored.

ischemia; infarction

Tissue healing after a myocardial infarction creates a noncontractile ____________.

scar

70. The ischemic injury from a sudden blockage of a coronary artery can be exacerbated by ______________ injury when blood flow is restored.

reperfusion

73. Angina caused by a clot temporarily occluding a coronary artery that resolves before necrosis occurs is called ____________ angina.

unstable

1.Which of the following neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron?

A.Interneurons

B.Motor neurons

C.Sensory neurons

D.Unipolar neurons

A.Interneurons

A 15-year-old male hits his finger while hammering a nail. Which of the following best describes the type of pain he would feel?

A.Visceral pain

B.Somatic pain

C.Chronic pain

D.Neuropathic pain

B. Somatic pain

A 78-year-old woman goes to the emergency department with extreme pain in her ankle after falling on her front steps earlier that day. She is worried she has sprained her ankle or broken a bone. She states that her vision has become increasingly cloudy and she could not see the steps clearly and must have tripped.

1. What type of pain is this patient feeling in her foot?

A. Chronic

B. Somatic

C. Visceral

D. Referred

B. Somatic

2. Three systems interact to produce the perception of pain. Which system is responsible for identifying the presence, character, location, and intensity of pain?

A.Inhibitory pain system

B.Cognitive-evaluative system

C.Affective-motivational system

D.Sensory-discriminative system

D.Sensory-discriminative system

3. The patient is referred to an ophthalmologist to examine her vision changes. Which disorder is most likely causing her cloudy vision?

A.Cataract

B.Glaucoma

C.Presbyopia

D.Strabismus

A.Cataract

1.A patient has a structural problem within the brain tissue that decreases the level of consciousness. Which of the following terms best describes this location?

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A.Subdural

B.Infratentorial

C.Intracerebral

D.Extracerebral

C.Intracerebral

2.A patient experiences edema in the brain caused by movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles into the extracellular space. What type of edema does this describe?

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A.Ischemic

B.Cytotoxic

C.Interstitial

D.Vasogenic

C.Interstitial

3.Which of the following is TRUE regarding multiple sclerosis?

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A.It affects gray matter.

B.It is an uncommon disease.

C.It is a demyelinating disorder.

D.It involves the central nervous system only.

C.It is a demyelinating disorder.