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Module 5 | Application of High-Speed Flight and its Limitations

Bell X-1 Rocket-powered research plane

  • First aircraft to fly at supersonic speeds

  • Piloted by Major Charles E. Yeager of US air Force

  • Flown in October 14, 1947

XS-1

  • Broke (local) sound barrier @ 1,066 km/hr speed

  • Attained a top speed of 1,126 km/hr or Mach 1.06

  • Dropped from the belly of a Boeing B-29 Mother ship

Soviet Tupolev Tu-144

  • First Supersonic Transport

  • First flight in June 1969

  • Flying Mail between Moscow and Alma-Ata (Almaty) in 1975

Concorde

  • First Supersonic Passenger-Carrying commercial airplane

  • Built by aircraft manufacturers in Great Britain and France

  • Made it first Transatlantic crossing on September 26, 1973

  • Entered regular service in 1976

  • 20 Concordes were built

  • 14 Concordes were sold

    • 7 British Airways

    • 7 Air France

    • the rest were built as prototypes and flight test aircraft

  • British Airways and Air France stopped flying it in 2003

Demise of Concorde

  • Very Costly

    • Manufacturing Cost

    • Operating Cost

    • Maintenance Cost - Complexity

  • Expensive to Operate (3 times as much fuel per passenger mile as a Subsonic aircraft) (Oil Cost)

    • 1970 - 1980

      • Golden Era for Oil Prices

  • High Subsonic Noise Levels during Takeoffs and Landings (High Subsonic Noise near residential area complaints)

  • Generally priced at about twice the regular first-class airfare (due to high cost expenses)

  • Impractical for carrying cargo or mail due to limited space (too narrow thus, no space for cargo and mail)

  • Fatal crash at the 1973 Paris Air Show (same year of debut)

  • Need for Considerable federal funding (pioneer for supersonic air transportation)

  • Lack of interest by the airlines (businessmen see this as not profitable)

  • Major Challenges of addressing environmental concerns (Noise Pollution)

Disadvantages of High-Speed Flights

  • Cost

  • Noise

  • Profitability

Advantage of High-Speed Flights

  • Speed and Range

Main Source of income of Concorde

  • Rich People specifically businessman and politicians who needs to be at a certain place at a certain time

High Speed Flight Limitations

  • Circadian Dysrhythmia (Severe Jet Lag)

    • It is caused by the body regular asleep and awake cycle being out of sync with local time

    • Certain amount of time to rest is needed before they inboard another flight

  • High Altitude

    • High Speed Flight is conducted much efficiently on high altitude due to less sonic boom effect

    • However, it compromises the pressurization system.

  • Radiation

  • Noise (Sonic Boom)

Sonic Boom

  • It is a major problem which all supersonic aircrafts face

  • it is used to refer to the shocks caused by the supersonic flight of an aircraft

Factors Affecting Sonic Boom Strength

  • Aircraft Weight, Shape and Length

    • The Larger the Aircraft, More Air Molecules tends to push back

    • “The larger the Aircraft, the greater the effect of Sonic Boom”

  • Aircraft Altitude

    • Supersonic flights are conducted at high altitudes to lessen the effect of sonic boom

    • “The higher the Altitude, the lesser the effect of Sonic Boom”

  • Aircraft Maneuvers

    • More maneuvers made by the aircraft, more prone to Sonic Boom.

    • “More steady the aircraft, the lesser the effect of Sonic Boom”

  • Location in Sonic Boom Carpet

    • Special topographic features in each area such as mountains, hills and valleys can create multiple reflections of shock waves thus affecting intensity.

  • Attitude

    • orientation of the aircraft’s axes relative to its direction of motion.

SJ

Module 5 | Application of High-Speed Flight and its Limitations

Bell X-1 Rocket-powered research plane

  • First aircraft to fly at supersonic speeds

  • Piloted by Major Charles E. Yeager of US air Force

  • Flown in October 14, 1947

XS-1

  • Broke (local) sound barrier @ 1,066 km/hr speed

  • Attained a top speed of 1,126 km/hr or Mach 1.06

  • Dropped from the belly of a Boeing B-29 Mother ship

Soviet Tupolev Tu-144

  • First Supersonic Transport

  • First flight in June 1969

  • Flying Mail between Moscow and Alma-Ata (Almaty) in 1975

Concorde

  • First Supersonic Passenger-Carrying commercial airplane

  • Built by aircraft manufacturers in Great Britain and France

  • Made it first Transatlantic crossing on September 26, 1973

  • Entered regular service in 1976

  • 20 Concordes were built

  • 14 Concordes were sold

    • 7 British Airways

    • 7 Air France

    • the rest were built as prototypes and flight test aircraft

  • British Airways and Air France stopped flying it in 2003

Demise of Concorde

  • Very Costly

    • Manufacturing Cost

    • Operating Cost

    • Maintenance Cost - Complexity

  • Expensive to Operate (3 times as much fuel per passenger mile as a Subsonic aircraft) (Oil Cost)

    • 1970 - 1980

      • Golden Era for Oil Prices

  • High Subsonic Noise Levels during Takeoffs and Landings (High Subsonic Noise near residential area complaints)

  • Generally priced at about twice the regular first-class airfare (due to high cost expenses)

  • Impractical for carrying cargo or mail due to limited space (too narrow thus, no space for cargo and mail)

  • Fatal crash at the 1973 Paris Air Show (same year of debut)

  • Need for Considerable federal funding (pioneer for supersonic air transportation)

  • Lack of interest by the airlines (businessmen see this as not profitable)

  • Major Challenges of addressing environmental concerns (Noise Pollution)

Disadvantages of High-Speed Flights

  • Cost

  • Noise

  • Profitability

Advantage of High-Speed Flights

  • Speed and Range

Main Source of income of Concorde

  • Rich People specifically businessman and politicians who needs to be at a certain place at a certain time

High Speed Flight Limitations

  • Circadian Dysrhythmia (Severe Jet Lag)

    • It is caused by the body regular asleep and awake cycle being out of sync with local time

    • Certain amount of time to rest is needed before they inboard another flight

  • High Altitude

    • High Speed Flight is conducted much efficiently on high altitude due to less sonic boom effect

    • However, it compromises the pressurization system.

  • Radiation

  • Noise (Sonic Boom)

Sonic Boom

  • It is a major problem which all supersonic aircrafts face

  • it is used to refer to the shocks caused by the supersonic flight of an aircraft

Factors Affecting Sonic Boom Strength

  • Aircraft Weight, Shape and Length

    • The Larger the Aircraft, More Air Molecules tends to push back

    • “The larger the Aircraft, the greater the effect of Sonic Boom”

  • Aircraft Altitude

    • Supersonic flights are conducted at high altitudes to lessen the effect of sonic boom

    • “The higher the Altitude, the lesser the effect of Sonic Boom”

  • Aircraft Maneuvers

    • More maneuvers made by the aircraft, more prone to Sonic Boom.

    • “More steady the aircraft, the lesser the effect of Sonic Boom”

  • Location in Sonic Boom Carpet

    • Special topographic features in each area such as mountains, hills and valleys can create multiple reflections of shock waves thus affecting intensity.

  • Attitude

    • orientation of the aircraft’s axes relative to its direction of motion.

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