Space

stage one of every type of star

stellar nebula

stage two of every type of star

spends time as a star

sizes for all the stars in order from smallest to largest

average mass star, large mass star, very large mass star

stage three for every type of star

red giant

names for all types of stars in stage 3

red giant, red supergiant, massive red supergiant

stage 4 of a average mass star

planetary nebula

stage 4 of a large mass and very large mass star

supernova

stage five of an average mass star

white dwarf

stage five of a large mass star

neutron star

stage five of a very large mass star

black hole

how long does it take for an average mass star to reach dwarf star stage

more than ten billion years

how long does it take for a large mass star to reach neutron star stage

about fifty million years

how long does it take for a super large mass star to reach black hole stage

five million years

as the mass of a star increases…

the lifespan of the star decreases

the last stage of life for the sun

white dwarf

the lifespan of our sun

more than ten billion years

things that have been invented for space exploration

better tires, grooves in road, smoke detectors, fire proof paint, invisible braces

things that are being researched for future space exploration

space elevator, magnetic space train, artificial gravity, asteroid mining, multitude of mini space crafts

elliptical galaxy

dying galaxy, made up of mostly old stars, stars and gases are spread throughout galaxy

spiral galaxy

spirals, most common type, younger and fresher stars

three main components of spiral galaxies

disk = shape of galaxy, bulge = center, only old stars, halo = gas and stars spiraling around in a halo

classification of spiral galaxies

a, b, c, d, a is the tightest spiral

classification of elliptical galaxies

E, numbers 0-7

barred spiral galaxies

similar to spiral galaxies, bar of matter running through the galaxy, shaped like an s

irregular galaxies

doesn’t have a regular shape of galaxy

classifications of irregular galaxy

irr1 has an abundance of hydrogen gas and irr2

what is a star

a star is a luminous ball of gas made up of hydrogen and helium and it is held together by its own gravity

what is a baby star called

protostar

what’s the process in which a star produces energy

nuclear fusion

habitable zone

the distance from a star at which liquid water could exist on orbiting planets surfaces

magnetosphere

a magnetosphere is the region around a planet dominated by the planet's magnetic field

key characteristics that allowed for life to evolve on earth

it is the right distance from the sun, it is protected from harmful solar radiation by its magnetic field, it is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere, and it has the right chemical ingredients for life, including water and carbon

list the planets in order from the sun

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune

the sun’s importance to the earth

it drives weather, ocean currents, seasons, and climate, and makes plant life possible through photosynthesis, without the sun's heat and light, life on earth would not exist

the sun’s importance to the solar system

it holds the solar system together, provides life-giving light, heat, and energy to earth, and generates space weather

the difference between inner planets and outer planets

the four inner planets have shorter orbits, slower spin, no rings, and they are made of rock and metal, the four outer planets have longer orbits and spins, a composition of gases and liquids, numerous moons, and rings, the outer planets are made of hydrogen and helium, so they are called gas giants

the big bang theory

the big bang is how astronomers explain the way the universe began, it is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now, and it is still stretching

what is the galaxy we live in

the milky way galaxy, a barred spiral galaxy

what is nuclear fusion

fusion occurs when two or more atoms are joined together to make a larger atom, stars get their power from nuclear fusion, deep inside a star, hydrogen atoms are constantly being converted by fusion into helium atoms, it's this process that generates the light and heat energy given off by the stars including the sun

what is not a characteristic of a terrestrial planet

lots of moons

why does mercury not have an atmosphere

the temperature is too high

what is found between the inner planets and the outer planets

asteroid belt

what is the average distance from the earth to the sun measured in?

astronomical units

is there blackholes in the center of most galaxies

yes, scientists believe that there are black holes in the majority of all large galaxies

are distances between the planets the same or at equal distances?

no, none of the planets distances between each other are the same