The Periodic Table

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Atom

Smallest particle of an element

Proton

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Neutron

Particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom

Element

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Nuclide Symbol

Symbol that indicates the atomic number, mass number, and identity of a nucleus

Electron Shell

A grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom

Subatomic Particle

Particles found within the atom, mainly protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Periodic Table

A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together.

Group

Vertical column in the periodic table

Period

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Metals

Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.

Non-metals

Elements that are usually dull in appearance, poor conductors of heat and electricity, usually gases at room temperature

Metalloids

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Alkali Metals

Elements found in group 1 of the Periodic Table

Alkaline Earth Metals

Elements found in group 2 of the Periodic Table

Transition Metals

Elements found in groups 3 - 12 of the Periodic Table

Halogens

Elements found in group 17 of the Periodic Table

Lanthanoids

the top period of the 2 below

Conductor

A material that allows heat and electricity to pass through it.

Ductile

A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.

Tensile Strength

A measure of how much stress from pulling, or tension, a material can withstand before breaking.

Density

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

Reactivity

The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances

Stable

Not easily changed

Electron Configuration

the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals/shells of an atom

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

Cation

A positively charged ion (loses electrons)

Anion

A negatively charged ion (gains electrons)

Ionic bonding

Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions

Ionic compound

composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal

Covalent bonding

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Reactivity

The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds.

Alkali metals

group 1

Alkaline earth metals

group 2

transition metals

the short section in the middle, excluding the lanthanides and actinides

Post transition metals

Sn, Pb to A, and group 13, excluding B and Nh

Metalloids

A set of stairs going from Te upwards to the left to B

Reactive non-metals

Above metalloids, in groups 14-16

Noble gases

Group 18 - Og

Actinides

the bottom most group

halogens

group 17