Art History: Early Islamic Architecture and the Umayyad Dynasty, Carolingian Empire: another "New Rome", Romanesque Architecture, Medival Ethiopia, Gothic Architecture (copy)

Dome of the Rock, c.690, Jerusalem, present-day Israel, interior decoration includes marble, mosaics gold

Great Mosque of Damascus, c.715, Damascus, present-day Syria, stoneconstruction decorated with marble revetment and mosaics, columns reused from the earlier Christian Church on the site

Caliph

political and religious leader, considered a successor to Muhammad

Corvée system

required artisans and other skilled laborers from many conqured areas to work on major state projects

Foundation Stone

The Foundation Stone or the Noble Rock is the rock at the center of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, a stone in the foundation of a building

Inscription

words inscribed, as on a monument or in a book.

Mihrab

a niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray.

Minaret

a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.

Minbar

a short flight of steps used as a platform by a preacher in a mosque.

Mosque

1. a Muslim place of worship.

Qibla wall

the wall in a mosque that faces Mecca. The mihrab is a niche in the qibla wall indicating the direction of Mecca; usually the most ornate part of a mosque, highly decorated and often embellished with inscriptions from the Qur'an

Temple Mount

a hill in the Old City of Jerusalem that has been venerated as a holy site for thousands of years, including in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. contains dome of the rock

Umayyad Caliphate

capital at Damascus, overthrown by Abbasid Caliphate in 750 continues in Spain, coexisted with christians, Jews, and others in conquered areas required corvée system

Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel, c. 800, Aachen present-day Germany, materials: marble, mosaic, brass

Charlemagne

r. 768-814, King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 800, Charlemagne succeeded in uniting the majority of Western Central Europe, and was the first recognized emperor to rule in the west

Odo of Metz

fl.(flourished-active in field) 790-810, an architect of Armenian origin who lived during Charlemagne's reign in the Carolingian Empire. He is the earliest known architect born north of the Alps

Renovatio Romani imperii

"renewal of the empire of the Romans") was a formula declaring an intention to restore or revive the Roman Empire.

Abbey of St Gilles du Gard, west façade, c 1150, st-gilles, present-day france, limestone and white marble

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, 12th century (1078-1188), Compostela, present-day Spain, granite

Tympanum at the Abbey of Ste Foy, c. 1100, Conques, present-day France, Limestone and traces of paint

ambulatory

a place for walking, especially an aisle around the apse or a cloister in a church or monastery

arcade

a series of arches supported by columns (round vertical supports) or piers (squared vertical supports)

Ashlar masonry/dressed stone

a type of stone construction where all stones are dressed or cut to a uniform shape, size, and surface appearance

barrel vault

a vault forming a half cylinder, series of arches

bay

area between two piers, usually geometrically proportional to the crossing

classism

using forms of classical architecture as a starting point

compound pier

support structure with a central core surrounded by engaged elements

crossing

intersection of nave and transept (the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church)

cult of saints

Veneration of saints in Christian tradition, involving prayers, relics, and pilgrimages to their shrines for intercession and blessings.

gallery

any covered passage that is open at one side, such as a portico or a colonnade

groin vault

produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vault

lantern tower

a tall construction above the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church, with openings through which light from outside can shine down to the crossing

pilgrimage

A journey to visit the shrine of a saint or places associated with their earthly life

portal

A portal is an opening in a wall of a building, gate or fortification, especially a grand entrance to an important structure

radiating chapels

Small, semi-circular chapels arranged around the apse of large church

round arch

an arch formed in a continuous curve(more than half a circle), weight from stones goes to more down on piers instead of out

tranverse arch

Supporting arch which runs across the vault from side to side, dividing the bays. it usually projects down from the surface of the vault.

Tympanum

a vertical recessed triangular or semicircle space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated.

Bete Gyorgis (church of St George), 12th or 13th century, Lalibela, present-day Ethiopia, carved from the “living rock”

Bete Maryam (church of St Mary), 12th or 13th century, Lalibela, present-day Ethiopia, carved from the “living rock” and painted

Gebre Mesqel Lalibela

r. 1181-1221, a king of the Zagwe dynasty, developed city Lalibela, venerated as a saint by the Orthodox Tewwahedo Churches, credited with creation of rock-hewn chuches (supposedly modeled them after Jerusalem)

Rock-hewn church

carved from living rock

Zagwe Dynasty

c. 1140-1270, capital lalibela, developed and named for King Gerbre Mesqel Lalibela (venerated saint)

Minaret, Minbar, Mihrab, Qibla Wall, courtyard, prayer room

Minaret, Minbar, Mihrab, Qibla Wall, courtyard, prayer room

A=Capitals, B=Frieze, C=Tympanum, D=Columns, E=Portal

Abbey Church of St-Denis, choir, c.1140, Paris, present-day France, limestone, stained glass

Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres, c. 1200 and later, Chartres, present-day France, limestone, stained glass

West Portal Jamb Figures at Chartres Cathedral, c. 1150, Chartres, present-day France, limestone

South Transept Portal Jamb Figures at Chartres Cathedral, c 1230, Chartres, present-day France limestone

Abbey church

Abbot Suger, d 1151

Capetian dynasty

Cathedral

Chevet

Choir

Collegiate Gothic

Contrapposto

Flying Buttress

Gargoyle

Ile de France

Jamb figure

Lancet window

Mullion

Pointed Arche

Ribbed groin vault

Rose window

stained glass

string course

tracery

webbing (in a vault)